Statistical Databases

Virus Diseases of Peanut

Extensive research within the last several decades has revealed that the major risk factors for most chronic diseases are infections, obesity, alcohol, tobacco, radiation, environmental pollutants, and diet. It is now well established that these factors induce chronic diseases through induction of inflammation. However, inflammation could be either acute or chronic. Acute inflammation persists for a short duration and is the host defense against infections and allergens, whereas the chronic inflammation persists for a long time and leads to many chronic diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, respiratory diseases, etc. Numerous lines of evidence suggest that the aforementioned risk factors induced cancer through chronic inflammation. First, transcription factors NF-κB and STAT3 that regulate expression of inflammatory gene products, have been found to be constitutively active in most cancers; second, chronic inflammation such as pancreatitis, prostatitis, hepatitis etc. leads to cancers; third, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to cancer cell proliferation, survival, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis; fourth, activation of NF-κB and STAT3 leads to resistance to chemotherapy and radiation, and hypoxia and acidic conditions activate these transcription factors. Therefore, targeting these pathways may provide opportunities for both prevention and treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. We will discuss in this review the potential of various dietary agents such as spices and its components in the suppression of inflammatory pathways and their roles in the prevention and therapy of cancer and other chronic diseases. In fact, epidemiological studies do indicate that cancer incidence in countries such as India where spices are consumed daily is much lower (94/100,000) than those where spices are not consumed such as United States (318/100,000), suggesting the potential role of spices in cancer prevention.

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Chronic diseases, inflammation, and spices: how are they linked?

Plant-based milk substitutes: Bioactive compounds, conventional and novel processes, bioavailability studies, and health effects

Tocopherols and tocotrienols in plants and their products: A review on methods of extraction, chromatographic separation, and detection

Sesame seed is a reservoir of nutritional components with numerous beneficial effects along with health promotion in humans. The bioactive components present in the seed include vital minerals, vitamins, phytosterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids, tocopherols and unique class of lignans such as sesamin and sesamolin. The presence of phenylpropanoid compounds namely lignans along with tocopherols and phytosterols provide defense mechanism against reactive oxygen species and increases keeping quality of oil by preventing oxidative rancidity. In this article, we have reviewed the nutraceutical, pharmacological, traditional and industrial value of sesame seeds with respect to bioactive components that hold high antioxidant value. Valuable information on superior functional components of sesame will strongly promote the use of sesame seeds in the daily diet world-wide. In spite of huge repertoire of sesame germplasm collection, limited research efforts on the use of conventional and biotechnological methodologies have resulted in minimal success in developing nutritionally superior cultivars. In consequence, value addition efforts in sesame would enable development of genotypes with high antioxidant activity and subsequently prevention of free radical related diseases. Modification of bioactive components in sesame would enable production of stabilized sesame oil with enhanced shelf life and better market value.

Value addition in sesame: A perspective on bioactive components for enhancing utility and profitability

Sesame, an important oilseed crop, highly valued for its oil quality
contains plethora of nutritive substances such as proteins, carbohydrates,
polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), lignans (sesamin and sesamolin),
tocopherol, phytosterols, phytates and other micronutrients. The presence of
these substances enhances the keeping quality of oil by preventing oxidative
rancidity. Benefits of this underexploited crop include antioxidative,
anticancer, antihypersensitive and tumor-suppressive properties. Despite of
its high nutritional value, research on this valuable oilseed is meagre due
to several biotic and abiotic stresses and absence of non-shattering cultivars.
Thus, to explore the potential of sesame as an important oilseed possessing
multifarious property, we have tried to provide a detailed overview of the crop
and its genetic diversity available throughout the world. Sesame is a promising
target oilseed crop for biotechnological applications and marker based studies.
The genetic manipulation in the crop along with other
strategies would enable development of varieties with high nutritional and
functional value. Our aim is to explore the hidden heterogeneity in the crop
and provide impetus for valuable oilseed research.

/pdf/sesame-crop-an-underexploited-oilseed-holds-tremendous-ddnz0xczu8.pdf

Sesame Crop: An Underexploited Oilseed Holds Tremendous Potential for Enhanced Food Value

https://link-springer-com-443.webvpn.jmu.edu.cn/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-319-78030-6_59.pdf

Sesame: Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits

Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) separation of isomers and homologues of similar polarity is challenging. Tocopherol isomers and homologues are one such example. α, β, γ, and δ-tocopherols have been successfully separated by RPLC on triacontyl (C30) stationary phase. System suitability was tested by using four mobile phases, and observed chromatographic separations of β and γ-tocopherols were compared. Comparison indicated that methanol–tert-butyl methyl ether (TBME) 95:5 (v/v) at a flow rate of 0.75 mL min−1 was the best mobile phase. Detection systems were also evaluated on the basis of limit of quantification; it was concluded that fluorescence detection was best. The method was validated by analysis of two homologues and two isomers of tocopherol in sesame, maize, and soybean samples. MS coupled with an ESI interface in negative-ion mode [M − H]− was used for identification of individual components. It was concluded that addition of TBME to methanol was required to enhance the separation of β and γ-tocopherols, although methanol alone provided similar results. The applicability of the method to cereal, pulse, and oilseed samples was confirmed. The reproducibility of the procedure was good, with relative standard deviations in the range 1.7–3.9 %. Recovery of tocopherols added to sesame samples ranged from 91 to 99 %.

Effect of mobile phase on resolution of the isomers and homologues of tocopherols on a triacontyl stationary phase.

Sesamin and sesamolin are the major oil-soluble lignans present in sesame seed, having a wide range of biological functions beneficial to human health. Understanding sesame domestication history using sesamin synthase gene expression could enable delineation of the sesame putative progenitor. This report examined the functional expression of sesamin synthase (CYP81Q1) during capsule maturation (0-40 days after flowering) in three wild Sesamum species and four sesame cultivars. Among the cultivated accessions, only S. indicum (CO-1) exhibited transcript abundance of sesamin synthase along with high sesamin content similar to S. malabaricum, while the other cultivated sesame showed low expression. The sesamin synthase expression analysis, coupled with quantification of sesamin level, indicates that sesamin synthase was not positively favoured during domestication. The sesamin synthase expression pattern and lignan content, along with phylogenetic analysis suggested a close relationship of cultivated sesame and the wild species S. malabaricum. The high genetic identity between the two species S. indicum and S. malabaricum points towards the role of the putative progenitor S. malabaricum in sesame breeding programmes to broaden the genetic base of sesame cultivars. This study emphasises the need to investigate intraspecific and interspecific variation in the primary, secondary and tertiary gene pools to develop superior sesame genotypes.

Niti Pathak

Papers

Value addition in sesame: A perspective on bioactive components for enhancing utility and profitability

Sesame Crop: An Underexploited Oilseed Holds Tremendous Potential for Enhanced Food Value

Sesame: Bioactive Compounds and Health Benefits

Effect of mobile phase on resolution of the isomers and homologues of tocopherols on a triacontyl stationary phase.

Tracking sesamin synthase gene expression through seed maturity in wild and cultivated sesame species--a domestication footprint.