https://research.chalmers.se/publication/517682/file/517682_Fulltext.pdf

Vanadium sustainability in the context of innovative recycling and sourcing development.

Titanium (Ti) is the ninth most abundant element on earth. The titanium mineral ores are widely distributed in different parts of the world. The two main ores of titanium include rutile (TiO2) and ilmenite (FeO.TiO2). It is aimed to provide the readers with an insight to the main processes currently employed to extract and recover titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) from different titanium ores. Due to the crucial importance of TiCl4 catalyst in the synthesis and polymerization of polyolefins, the present work examines the literature and developments made in the processing of ilmenite and rutile ores for the extraction of TiCl4. The attention has been paid to the chlorination processes and the main parameters affecting the recovery of TiCl4. Different approaches developed to date are reviewed. Different processes, reaction mechanisms and conditions as well as the kinetic models developed for extraction and purification of TiCl4 in fluidized bed reactors are also reviewed. A literature survey on the combined fluidized bed reactor systems developed for achieving a high-grade synthetic rutile via selective chlorination of low-grade titanium ores having high metal oxides content such as magnesium oxide (MgO) and calcium oxide (CaO) is also reported. Different strategies adopted to avoid agglomeration process during the extraction process are discussed too.

/pdf/production-of-titanium-tetrachloride-ticl4-from-titanium-ke8j0grn97.pdf

Production of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) from titanium ores: A review

The invention relates to a method for processing fly ash used for a circulating fluidized bed, which comprises the following steps: dissolving fly ash from the circulating fluidized bed out by hydrochloric acid, filtering to obtain filter residue and a leaching liquid; adjusting pH value of the leaching liquid to 1.5-3.5 by ammoniacal liquor, deposing, filtering to obtain the filter residue and a filtrate, washing filter residue, drying to obtain a compound of iron; adjusting the pH value of the filtrate after extracting iron to 3.8-5.2 by the ammoniacal liquor, deposing, filtering to obtain the filter residue and the filtrate, washing filter residue, drying to obtain aluminium hydroxide, further calcining to obtain metallurgy alumina; adding magnesium oxide in an ammonium chloride solution after extracting aluminium and performing ammonia distilling and hydrolysis reactions to obtain hydrogen chloride gas, ammonia gas and magnesium oxide. According to the invention, stepwise extraction of useful elements such as aluminium, silicon and iron in fly ash can be realized, cycle utilization of the materials can be realized, process is simple, cost is low, and the method opens new approach for high value utilization of fly ash from the circulating fluidized bed.

Method for processing fly ash used for circulating fluidized bed

With the rapid development of China’s aluminum industry, deficiency of high-quality bauxite reserves has become a bottleneck restricting for the healthy development of China’s aluminum industry According to these issues, “Calcification-Carbonization Method” was purposed by Northeastern University for alumina production by using low grade bauxite This paper researched on the transformation and separation performance in the new method The experiment results indicated that: Al, Fe, Si transformed into hydrated garnet at 180°C and 245 °C through calcification treatment, and silicon phase changed into 2CaO • SiO2 through carbonization treatment The settling performance of calcification slurry by using gibbsite is near to that of bayer process, when the settling performance by using diaspore get worse because of the solid content is higher than that of bayer process Under the pressure of 018MPa, the filter constant of calcinated slurry are 418 × 10-5m2/s and 115 × 10-4m2/s for diaspore and gibbsite

Research on the Phase Transformation and Separation Performance in Calcification-Carbonation Method for Alumina Production

A method for recovering alkali and aluminum during treatment of Bayer red mud using a calcification-carbonation method, including steps of mixing the Bayer red mud with calcium aluminate or with calcium aluminate and lime, performing calcification dealkalization conversion in a high-concentration alkaline liquor, and carbonizing the calcified residues produced during dealkalization to obtain carbonized residues; and then performing low-temperature aluminum dissolution, aluminum precipitation and the like to obtain calcium aluminate products, which is returned to the calcification dealkalization conversion of the red mud for recycling. Part of an alkali-containing and aluminum-containing liquid phase after calcification dealkalization conversion can be used as supplementary alkali in the Bayer production course for recycling. The method is energy-saving and environmentally-friendly, and allows recovering alkali and aluminum from the red mud and harmless treatment of the Bayer red mud.

A method for recovering alkali and aluminum in course of treatment of bayer red mud by using calcification-carbonation method

The invention discloses a method for dissolving red mud The method comprises the following specific steps of: mixing Bayer process red mud with white lime in the mass ratio of 1:(03-09); stirring at the temperature of 80-140 DEG C for reacting for 1-15 hours for calcifying, transforming and dealkalizing; mixing calcified, deformed and dealkalized Bayer process red mud with clear water or a low-concentration sodium aluminate solution in an enclosed container; introducing CO2 into the container to obtain calcified slag containing calcium silicate, calcium carbonate and aluminum hydroxide serving as main components; and extracting aluminum hydroxide from the calcified slag by using a sodium hydroxide solution or an aluminum hydroxide solution In the method disclosed by the invention, the structure and composition of red mud are changed by adopting calcification transformation and pressurizing calcification transformation methods, so that dealkalization and extraction of aluminum can be realized; and iron is extracted properly, so that the structure and the composition of red mud can meet the requirements of cement production, and the aim of dissolving red mud on a large scale at low cost is fulfilled

Niu Liping

Papers

Method for dissolving Bayer process red mud

Method for directly restoring and recovering copper iron from smelting copper slag

Ecological synthetic utilization method of fly ash

Method for preparing titanium sponge through magnesium and chlorine recycling

Mechanism of fluidized chlorination reaction of Kenya natural rutile ore