Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product.

THE NEED FOR QUALITY The first thing that we need to consider, in any organization, is that quality is the most important thing. The quality of your work defines you.  Whoever you are,  Whatever you do,  I can find the same products and services cheaper somewhere else. But your quality is your signature. Developing and delivering high quality products and services means that you are doing things correctly from the beginning. As a consequence, you are reducing the need for additional services, from verification to warranty.

Total quality management.

A critical review of seven selected neighborhood sustainability assessment tools

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is now 44 years old (beginning on 1 January 1970 when President Richard Nixon signed the National Environmental Policy Act in the USA). EIA is a systematic approach to identifying and evaluating positive and negative impacts on components of the environment that may arise from the implementation of infrastructure projects or policies (Petts 1999; Wang et al. 2006; Gilbuena et al. 2013). EIA is a mandatory process before approval of infrastructure projects with significant impacts on the environment (Tamura et al. 1994), such as roads (Zhou and Sheate 2011), water supply systems (Al-agha and Mortaja 2005) and flood protection constructions (Ludwig et al. 1995). Flood protection structures (FPS) have been created throughout the centuries to mitigate flood damage (Poulard et al. 2010; Gilbuena et al. 2013).

Environmental Impact Assessment—State of the Art

https://ece.uwaterloo.ca/~knigim/Nigim_Nolberto_Green_AHP_Feb_2004.pdf

Pre-feasibility MCDM tools to aid communities in prioritizing local viable renewable energy sources

/pdf/a-strategy-for-using-multicriteria-analysis-in-decision-230c735e0t.pdf

A Strategy for Using Multicriteria Analysis in Decision-Making

I: General Background. 1: General Information. 1.1. The purpose of this book. 1.2. Structure. 1.3. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). 1.4. Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). 1.5. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). 1.6. Environmental and Socioeconomic Impact Assessment (ESIA). 1.7. The necessity of developing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for most projects. 1.8. What is economic development? 1.9. What is sustainability? 1.10. The link between economic development and sustainable environment. 1.11. The carrying capacity of the environment. 1.12. Social, economic and environmental interaction in sustainable development. 1.13. The EIA problem. 1.14. The decision-making process. 1.15. The EIA report. Internet references for Chapter 1. 2: Projects and Impacts. 2.1. defining the objectives of the study. 2.2. Impacts caused by projects. 2.3. Conclusion on impacts. Internet references for Chapter 2. 3: Criteria. 3.1. Criteria, attributes or components. 3.2. Factor Analysis (FA). 3.3. Steps for Environmental Impact Assessment. Internet references for Chapter 3. II: Elements of Environmental Appraisal. 4: Information for EIA. 4.1. Defining the problem. 4.2. Available tools for project appraisal. 4.3. Tools for impact identification. Internet references for Chapter 4. 5: Techniques for Environmental Appraisal. 5.1. Geographic Information System (GIS). 5.2. Contingency Valuation (CV). 5.3. Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA). 5.4. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA). 5.5. Input-Output analysis (IO). 5.6. Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). 5.7. Multicriteria Analysis (MCA). 5.8. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). 5.9. Mathematical Programming (MP). 5.10. Actual examples of multicriteria analysis. 5.11. Risk Analysis (RA). 5.12. Techniques comparison. 5.13. Strategic Environmental Assessment. Internet references for Chapter 5. III: EIA in the Urban Scenario. 6: EIA and Urbanization. 6.1. People's participation. 6.2. EIA and the city. 6.3. Urban and regional projects. 6.4. The execution of joint projects. 6.5. Sustainable impact. 6.6. Indicators. 6.7. Indicators selection. 6.8. Measuring the quantity of information provided by indicators. 6.9. Monitoring. Internet references for Chapter 6. Appendix: Mathematical Background to Understand the Fundamentals of Modern Techniques for Project Appraisal. A.1. Introduction. A.2. Mathematical foundation of the Analytical Hierarchy Process. A.3. Foundation of Mathematical Programming. A.4. Mathematical foundation of input/output analysis. A.5. Statistical notions of Factor Analysis. A.6. The notion of opportunity cost. A.7. The notion of shadow prices. A.8. The notion of sensitivity analysis. Internet references for Appendix. Cited references on the Internet by industries. Road Map for Environmental Impact Assessment. Flowchart and road map for Environmental Impact Assessment. Glossar

Multicriteria Environmental Assessment: A Practical Guide

This chapter addresses a fundamental issue in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) problems consisting in how to model complex scenarios. It starts by defining complex scenarios and examines the hierarchical structure followed by the AHP method, considered not suitable for modelling them, as well as their relationship with the decision-maker. It provides a hierarchical structure where it can be seen the impossibility in modelling certain characteristics, that may be fundamental in a scenario.

The Hierarchical Structure

Strategic Approach in Multi-Criteria Decision Making

This chapter focuses on the very core of project management that is the planning, scheduling and control of the job. It commences with project planning where all the activities pertaining to the project have to be detailed and sequenced. This is normally a complex and a delicate task and because of that, the Critical Path Method (CPM), used for this endeavour, is exemplified in a simple but comprehensive enough case to understand and grasp the methodology, which is the base for the use of planning software such as MS Project® (Microsoft), and Primavera® (Oracle). It follows with the construction of the ‘S curve’, a very useful tool, which is paramount in monitoring work really done and money actually spent. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) is also explained to describe this tool for the right allocation of funds to work packages. Naturally, potential activities to safeguard against risks are also considered, and an example using PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) is proposed when there is high uncertainty in the completion time of activities.

Nolberto Munier

Papers

A Strategy for Using Multicriteria Analysis in Decision-Making

Multicriteria Environmental Assessment: A Practical Guide

The Hierarchical Structure

Strategic Approach in Multi-Criteria Decision Making

Project Planning and Scheduling