Physiochemical properties and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of Ni0.5Cu0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles at X-band frequency

Nanoparticles (NPs) have tremendously revolutionized multiple sectors of our society due to their ability to be used in diverse applications. Recently, iron-based magnetic nanoparticles (Fe-MNPs), have attracted enormous interest due to their salient use in several sectors, including energy, environmental, agricultural, medical, and industrial. This can be attributed to the unique chemical and physical properties of Fe-MNPs. These properties include high surface area, surface-to-volume ratio, superparamagnetism, and simple separation methodology. MNPs have been synthesized in surface chemistry applications by employing biological, chemical, and physical methods. This critical review discusses the latest development in the synthesis approaches of MNPs, including green synthesis, thermal decomposition, co-precipitation, hydrothermal technique, and polyol methodology. In addition, the review highlights the main applications of MNPs in the environmental and energy fields. Finally, an overview is given concerning the current challenges and future implications of using MNPs in various applications. 

Iron-based magnetic nanomaterials in environmental and energy applications: a short review

Here, biocompatible graphene (G) nanocarriers decorated with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared using 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (PEGMA). For this, we report the use of graphite directly instead of graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide. Graphene nanocarrier (in situ GIOPMPC) was prepared in one-pot by in situ copolymerization of MPC and PEGMA monomers in the presence of IONPs and G. GIOPMCP nanocarriers were prepared by sonication using PMPC-co-PEGMA copolymers in the presence of IONPs and G. The prepared graphene nanocarriers were thoroughly characterized by various techniques. The analyses confirmed the successful preparation of nanocarriers with even distributions of PMPC-co-PEGMA and IONPs on surface G. The IONPs were coordinated through the phosphate groups in PMPC. Excellent dispersibility of the graphene nanocarriers in water enabled drug delivery applications. The prepared nanocarriers did not show significant cytotoxicity to the thyroid cancer cells up to 8 mg/mL (IC50: 38.26 mg/mL). Thyroid cancer cells were stably transduced with a bioluminescent reporter to monitor cell cytotoxicity. Doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded onto in situ GIOPMPC nanocarriers at two different concentrations and was successfully delivered to thyroid cancer cells, resulting in strong cytotoxicity. Moreover, signaling mechanistic analyses showed apoptosis activation, inhibition of anti-apoptosis and proliferation, and increased DNA damage in the thyroid cancer cells.

Noncovalent Functionalized Graphene Nanocarriers from Graphite for Treating Thyroid Cancer Cells.

The development of hydrogen sensors has acquired a great interest from researchers for safety in fields such as chemical industry, metallurgy, pharmaceutics or power generation, as well as due to hydrogen’s introduction as fuel in vehicles. Several types of sensors have been developed for hydrogen detection, including resistive, surface acoustic wave, optical or conductometric sensors. The properties of the material of the sensitive area of the sensor are of great importance for establishing its performance. Besides the nature of the material, an important role for its final properties is played by the synthesis method used and the parameters used during the synthesis. The present paper highlights recent results in the field of hydrogen detection, obtained using four of the well-known synthesis and deposition methods: sol-gel, co-precipitation, spin-coating and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Sensors with very good results have been achieved by these methods, which gives an encouraging perspective for their use in obtaining commercial hydrogen sensors and their application in common areas for society.

Synthesis Methods of Obtaining Materials for Hydrogen Sensors

Removal of toxic metals is essential to achieving sustainability in wastewater purification. The achievement of efficient treatment at a low cost can be seriously challenging. Adsorption methods have been successfully demonstrated for possession of capability in the achievement of the desirable sustainable wastewater treatment. This review provides insights into important conventional and unconventional materials for toxic metal removal from wastewater through the adsorption process. The importance of the role due to the application of nanomaterials such as metal oxides nanoparticle, carbon nanomaterials, and associated nanocomposite were presented. Besides, the principles of adsorption, classes of the adsorbent materials, as well as the mechanisms involved in the adsorption phenomena were discussed.

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Development of Adsorptive Materials for Selective Removal of Toxic Metals in Wastewater: A Review

The emergence of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) has proven to be useful as a tool or catalyst in many industrial usages such as in biomedical, drug delivery, catalysis, and the environment. Due to its size, MNP has a greater surface area compared to larger particles that makes it more reactive to some other molecules. The highlight of this study is to focus on the usage of MNP on the environmental issue, which related to the discharging of the heavy metal from industrial effluents. Conventionally, the removal of heavy metals from the wastewater stream is by using chemical reactions, electrodialysis, and membrane separation. However, the drawback is expensive due to energy consumption and membrane fouling as well as resulting in the generation of toxic byproducts. Therefore, the aim of this study is to synthesis MNP with a smaller size to entrap heavy metal ions to a complex, thus easily removed by a magnetic drive. The MNP was synthesized using different factors such as temperature (25°C, 50°C, 70°C) and bases (sodium hydroxide; NaOH, potassium hydroxide; KOH, ammonium hydroxide; NH4OH), added into a solution containing iron(II) and iron(III) to obtain different size and morphology. The efficiency of MNP removal was tested on solution containing Cr, Ni and Cu then analyzed using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The characterization of the MNP was done using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). From the result, 90% of the Cr removal is found to be with the MNP that been synthesized with NH4OH at 70°C. Due to the smallest size (9nm) of the MNP, thus adsorbing more Cr ions. As a conclusion the strong base gives the MNP of lowest dispersion and addition of surfactant provide less adsorption of heavy metal, however stronger resistance to oxidation. This work has provided an insight into the feasibility of the MNP as an alternative method to heavy metal ion removal.

Noraziah Abu Yazid

Papers

Co-precipitation synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles for efficient removal of heavy metal from synthetic wastewater