Abstract The Rajang Group, composed of the Belaga and Lupar Formations of Sarawak and the Embaluh Group and Selangkai Formation (in part) in Kalimantan, had a turbidite sedimentation history from Early Cretaceous to Late Eocene. These rocks generally young northwards. Inliers within the eastern Miri Zone have been mapped as the Kelalan and Mulu Formations. The Rajang Group was compressed into a steeply dipping quartz-veined phyllite-quartzite complex by the Sarawak orogeny and unconformably overlain locally in the north by the Upper Eocene continental to neritic Tatau Formation, extensively in the south by Middle to Upper Eocene basal continental sequences of the Ketungau, Mandai and Melawi basins, and widely in the north by the Upper Oligocene coastal to marine Nyalau Formation. In Sabah and East Kalimantan, the Upper Cretaceous to Upper Eocene Mentarang, Sapulut, Trusmadi, and possibly the East Crocker Formations, also belong to the Rajang Group. The West Crocker Formation demonstrates rapid facies changes into the more shaly Temburong Formation, and was deposited as sandy turbidites throughout the Oligocene. To the south their equivalents are the nearshore Kelabit and Long Bawang Formations. The West Crocker Formation was folded and uplifted in several Miocene pulses, resulting in regional unconformities and igneous events at Mount Kinabalu. The West Crocker Formation has not been metamorphosed, and dips are shallower than in the Belaga and Trusmadi Formations. Its provenance probably was from the uplifted Upper Cretaceous to Eocene Lurah and Kelalan formations of NE Kalimantan and East Sarawak. It is therefore proposed that the West Crocker and Temburong formations be excluded from the Rajang Group. Middle to Late Miocene Crocker Formation uplift and deformation, herein called the Sabah orogeny, was synchronous with spectacular basin inversion throughout the South China Sea and in the Meratus Mountains of Kalimantan. Uplift ceased in the Late Miocene and undeformed post-inversion formations unconformably overlie inverted folded structures. The Rajang Group flysch-belt may be interpreted as a north-facing accretionary prism. The Schwaner Mountains represent a subduction-related Lower to Upper Cretaceous volcanoplutonic arc. Scattered Eocene volcanism, Miocene Sintang intrusives and Pliocene Metalung volcanics in Central Kalimantan and Sarawak post-date subduction. The Rajang Basin (Danau Sea) rapidly narrowed and by Eocene time subduction was transformed to collision as the Rajang Group was compressed between the Schwaner Mountain Zone and the Luconia-Balingian-Miri block. The Ketungau Basin is in sharp contact with the Rajang Group along the bounding Lupar Fault, which can be traced northwards into the East Natuna region. Palaeocurrents show that the Upper Eocene basal sandstones have a provenance in the metamorphosed Sibu Zone. The Melawi and Mandai basins of Kalimantan also unconformably overlie the flysch-belt. The basins are not forearc and were formed after transformation of the accretionary prism to a landmass formed of a collisional orogenic complex.

The "Rajang accretionary prism" and "Lupar Line" problem of Borneo

Introduction: The term e-learning can be described as the usage of electronic devices along with or without the help of internet to conduct a learning environment where it can be beneficial for the student. Nowadays e-learning is being integrated in the tertiary education to provide a better learning environment for the student. The review presents the current practice of e-learning at the tertiary education level in Malaysia. Methodology: A database search of PubMed, Science Direct, and Google scholar was conducted using terms such as e-learning, web-based learning, online learning, virtual learning, mobile learning. Results and Discussion: E-learning is not a new trend of teaching and learning method in the Malaysian education system and already been implemented in some of the universities in Malaysia. In this review, perception of lectures and students on e-learning interventionwere described to understand how well e-learning is being accepted in the education system.Besides that, we also mention the barriersand impact of e-learning implementation on students and the institution itself. Implementation of e-learning in health science andpharmacy education had received mixed responses. More studies on e-learning implementation especially on pharmacy education are needed. Conclusion: By understanding the current e-learning practice in Malaysia universities, it will enable continuous improvement on the e-learning programme so that it can be beneficial to all.

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Review of e-learning Practice at the Tertiary Education level in Malaysia

This paper describes an investigation into the optimum design of optical fibre sensing arrays to be incorporated in an optical tomographic measurement system for on-line monitoring of particles and droplets Two approaches are considered to cover opaque and transparent materials; optical path length and optical attenuation Four flow models are investigated: single-pixel flow representing a single particle or droplet, two-pixel flow as a simple check on aliasing in the reconstructed image, half flow representing half the sensing cross section filled with material and full flow, where the whole sensing cross section is full of material Six projection geometries of the fibre sensors are considered For tomographic imaging, the forward problem, which assumes particles are placed in specific places in the measurement cross section and calculates voltage outputs for the individual sensors, is modelled The solutions from the forward problem are used to solve the inverse problem, which uses actual sensor voltage readings to estimate the spatial distribution of the material in the measurement cross section The solution of the inverse problem is used to derive the linear back projection (LBP) and filtered LBP algorithms In order to improve image quality, a hybrid reconstruction algorithm is implemented This algorithm first checks if any sensors read zero and sets (locks for this estimation) all pixels associated with them to zero (no material) The algorithm then proceeds as for the LBP

Optical sensor configurations for process tomography

Free Space Optics (FSO) Technology is the advanced wireless communication system that provides higher bandwidth with a higher data rate transmission over higher link range. The major challenge on free space optics technology is atmospheric attenuation that hampers data transmission of the system by increasing bit error rate. Fog is the atmospheric condition which causes highest amount of signal attenuation. Travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier is a functional device that can eliminate the effect of fog on free space optical communication link. Multiple TX/RX system architecture with the existence of this efficient device is capable of improving the performance under fog atmospheric effect by ensuring higher received power and lower bit error rate. Our paper implements the architecture of multiple TX/RX system with travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier under fog atmospheric condition using simulation tool Optisystem 7. The effort in this paper is to overcome the effect of fog attenuation on free space optics link by the evaluation of performance through simulated results of the implemented model in terms of Q factor, bit error rate, received power and eye height.

Eliminating the effect of fog attenuation on FSO link by multiple TX/RX system with travelling wave semiconductor optical amplifier

Ultra high capacity inter-satellite optical wireless communication system using different optimized modulation formats

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a serious hematological disorder, where affected patients are frequently hospitalized throughout a lifetime and even can cause death. The manual method of detecting and classifying abnormal cells of SCA patient blood film through a microscope is time-consuming, tedious, prone to error, and require a trained hematologist. The affected patient has many cell shapes that show important biomechanical characteristics. Hence, having an effective way of classifying the abnormalities present in the SCA disease will give a better insight into managing the concerned patient's life. This work proposed algorithm in two-phase firstly, automation of red blood cells (RBCs) extraction to identify the RBC region of interest (ROI) from the patient’s blood smear image. Secondly, deep learning AlexNet model is employed to classify and predict the abnormalities presence in SCA patients. The study was performed with (over 9,000 single RBC images) taken from 130 SCA patient each class having 750 cells. To develop a shape factor quantification and general multiscale shape analysis. We reveal that the proposed framework can classify 15 types of RBC shapes including normal in an automated manner with a deep AlexNet transfer learning model. The cell's name classification prediction accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 95.92%, 77%, 98.82%, and 90% were achieved, respectively.

http://ijai.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAI/article/download/20420/13041

A deep learning AlexNet model for classification of red blood cells in sickle cell anemia

Twitter is an online microblogging and social-networking platform which allows users to write short messages called tweets. It has over 330 million registered users generating nearly 250 million tweets per day. As Malay is the national language in Malaysia, there is a significant number of users tweeting in Malay. Tweets have a maximum length of 140 characters which forces users to stay focused on the message they wish to disseminate. This characteristic makes tweets an interesting subject for sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis is a natural language processing (NLP) task of classifying whether a tweet has a positive or negative sentiment. Tweets in Malay are chosen in this study as limited research has been done on this language. In this work, sentiment analysis applied to Malay tweets using the deep learning model. We achieved 77.59% accuracy which exceeds similar work done on Bahasa Indonesia.

https://ijai.iaescore.com/index.php/IJAI/article/download/20435/pdf

Sentiment analysis of informal Malay tweets with deep learning

Fibre optic lens modelling for optical tomography

This work describes an open source tracking system that determines the location and speed of a vehicle in real-time. The system was inspired by the need to track tourist boats in UNESCO Kilim Karst Geoforest Park, Malaysia. Boats that travel too fast generate wakes that are suspected to cause ecological damage. In this work, geolocation information is provided by Arduino based transponders with Global Positioning System (GPS). Transponders periodically transmit location and speed data using LoRa through a gateway to a cloud server. On the server, open source software components implement a Geographical Information System (GIS) to manage the location and speed data for display and further analysis. The resulting prototype performed the required functions as expected.

/pdf/an-open-source-lora-based-vehicle-tracking-system-1u108jwhv7.pdf

An open source LoRa based vehicle tracking system

Pemantulan cahaya matahari oleh cermin atau dikenali sebagai heliograf adalah kaedah awal komunikasi optik wayarles (OWC). Sewajarnya, sistem komunikasi moden mendedahkan kadar data yang tinggi di samping kualiti perkhidmatan yang lebih baik berbanding kaedah terdahulu. Sistem komunikasi optic wayarles mempunyai banyak kebaikan dimana ia adalah penting untuk sistem daratan, sebagai contoh penggunaan Optik Ruang Bebas (FSO) di kawasan luar. Di dalam kertas kerja ini, gambaran dan pencirian prestasi sistem Optik Ruang Bebas seperti pelemahan, kadar bit kesalahan (BER), faktor Q dan jenis pengesan yang berguna untuk pengesanan dalam sistem FSO dibentangkan. Sistem telah direkabentuk dan disimulasi untuk perincian prestasi dengan mengambil kira kawasan Subang. 
				
				Kata kunci: Pelemahan; kadar bit kesalahan; pengesan foto; faktor Q; sistem daratan

				The reflection of sunlight by mirrors or known as the heliograph is an early method of optical wireless communication (OWC). Naturally, modern communication system reveals much higher data rates with better quality of service (QoS) compared to those ancient methods. There are many advantages of OWC which are important for a terrestrial system for example the usage of an outdoor free space optics (FSO) system. In this paper, a description and system performance characterization of the FSO such as attenuation, bit error rate (BER), Q factor and the type of detectors that are highly useful for detection in FSO systems are presented. The system are designed and simulated for performance characterization considering Subang terrestrial. 
				
				Key words: bit error rate; photodetector; Q factor; terrestrial system

Norhafizah Ramli

Papers

A deep learning AlexNet model for classification of red blood cells in sickle cell anemia

Sentiment analysis of informal Malay tweets with deep learning

Fibre optic lens modelling for optical tomography

An open source LoRa based vehicle tracking system

Terrestrial Free Space Optic Propagation Analysis Considering Malaysia Weather Condition