The short title of this two-volume work is misleading, and the reader who expects to find a listing of prominent physicians practising world-wide will be disappointed. As the subtitle makes clear, this is a Who's Who of 12 000 scientists from 120 countries carrying out research related to medicine. As preclinical medicine is included, many of them are doctors in subjects other than medicine. The work is derived in part from another book by the same publisher, \"Medical Research Index\". This lists the head of the research activities and some heads of departments of industrial enterprises, hospitals, research laboratories, universities, societies and professional associations in medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, psychiatry and surgery. As a result; a number of distinguished Canadian research workers who do not head research activities or departments have been omitted. The compilers of this Who's Who have added heads of university departments, officers of national and international medical associations and \"those on boards of major medical journals\". Editors of the national medical journals are conspicuous by their absence, which is unfortunate in view of their important influence in recording the results of research. Ideally, the individual entries include the surname, given names, academic rank and degrees, specialty, year of birth, universities where educated, current appointments held, some previous appointments, three society memberships, medical interests and an address. Decorations have been excluded and so have publications. I find the entries tantalizing: many of them are incomplete, stating, for example, that the person is a doctor, without giving degrees. Too much has been omitted (day and month of birth, linkage of degrees with universities) for this work to be useful in compiling a history or an obituary. The compilers should rethink the amount of detail they allow in entries and should urge those included to fill in the forms completely. Since this work has more detail than medical directories it is still a useful reference work for Canadians. On average 100 entries would be expected per country, but there are about three times that number for Canada.

Basic and Clinical Endocrinology

The Adenoid Tissue at the Base of the Tongue as a Factor of Throat Symptoms.

Comparison of three different extracts of Centella asiatica for anti-amnesic, antioxidant and anticholinergic activities: in vitro and in vivo study

Recently, the use of plant-derived medicines is increasing interest in the prevention and treatment of a variety of disorders including metabolic syndromes. Metabolic syndrome is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and incidence of mortality worldwide. Scientific evidence suggests that Andrographis paniculata and its derived components, especially andrographolide (AGL) and its analogs/derivatives have a broad spectrum of biological activities. This review aims to sketch the activity of AGL and its analogs/derivatives against the components of metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and obesity. Additionally, AGL activity against CVDs is also summarized. The finding suggests that AGL and its analogs/derivatives have a potential role in the management of metabolic syndrome; however, more studies should be conducted to evaluate their effectiveness.

/pdf/andrographolide-a-new-hope-in-the-prevention-and-treatment-30oplemmri.pdf

Andrographolide, a New Hope in the Prevention and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome.

Background and Purpose

Andrographolide is the most active constituent of the medicinal plant Andrographis paniculata. Previously, we synthesized a novel andrographolide derivative AL-1, conjugating andrographolide with lipoic acid. Although the antioxidative and/or anti-inflammatory activity of AL-1 contributes to its cytoprotective effects, whether AL-1 can improve insulin resistance and the mechanisms responsible for its action have not been elucidated.



Experimental Approach

We investigated the anti-hyperlipidaemic and anti-hyperglycaemic effects of AL-1 in a high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced animal diabetic model. In addition, we investigated the effect of AL-1 on the NF-κB signalling pathway in rat islet derived insulinoma cells (RIN-m cells) with a focus on the link between reactive oxygen species-associated inflammation and insulin resistance.



Key Results

AL-1, at doses of 40 and 80 mg·kg−1, had a significant hypoglycaemic effect; it significantly reduced the level of cholesterol and increased HDL. AL-1 also reduced the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and enhanced insulin sensitivity. In addition, AL-1 improved the morphology of pancreatic islets and their function. Furthermore, AL-1 suppressed high glucose-induced phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα in RIN-m cells.



Conclusion and Implications

AL-1 has a hypoglycaemic effect and improves insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic rats. It protected islet from high glucose-induced oxidative damage by down-regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway. Further investigations of AL-1 as a promising new agent for treatment and/or prevention of diabetes are warranted.

https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/bph.13118

Andrographolide derivative AL-1 improves insulin resistance through down-regulation of NF-κB signalling pathway.

Traditionally, a combination of medicinal plants is commonly used for lowering blood glucose in diabetic patients in order to provide additional benefits of the single drug. A. paniculata and C. asiatica are two traditional medicines form South Asian and Southeast Asain countries consumed by people for treating daibates mellitus and its complications. Hyperglycemia in the rats was stimulated by high fructose-fat diet that consists of 36% fructose, 15% lard, and 5% egg yolks in 0.36 g/200 g body weight for 70 days. The rats were orally administered with the combination of andrographolide-enriched extract of A. paniculata (AEEAP) leaves and asiaticoside-enriched extract of C. asiatica (AEECA) herbs from day 70 for 7 days. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by estimating mainly the blood glucose levels and other parameters such as HDL, LDL, cholesterol and triglyceride. The results showed that combination at the ratio of 70:30 exhibited a promosing antidiabetic effect in high-fat-fructose-fed rat, and exhibited sinergistic effects on blood cholesterol and HDL levels. It can be concluded that its antidiabetic effect was better than that of single treatment of AEEAP or AEECA. That combination was also potential to develop as a blood glucose-lowering agent for diabetic patients.

http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/24549/1/IJEB%2051%2812%29%201101-1108.pdf

Anti-diabetic effect of a combination of andrographolide-enriched extract of Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Nees and asiaticoside-enriched extract of Centella asiatica L. in high fructose-fat fed rats.

Sambiloto herb (Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees.) and pegagan herb (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) are excellent medicinal plants which are being developed as traditional for antidiabetic. The research aims to see the effect of combination from purified extract of sambiloto herb and pegagan herb of translocation of GLUT-4 protein in model type 2 diabetes mellitus rats-insulin resistance compared with the use of each purified extract. Test preparations were divided into 8 groups include three from combination purified extract of sambiloto herb and pegagan herb: I (912,1: 300), II (651,5: 500), III (390,9: 700) in mg/kg BW, IV (purified extract of sambiloto herb 1303 mg/kg BW), V (purified extract of pegagan herb 1000 mg/kg BW), VI (positive control metformin 45 mg/kg BW), VII (negative control CMC-Na 0.5%) and VIII (normal control). Parameters measured semi quantitative data translocation of GLUT-4 protein in cells muscles of the thigh (soleus muscle) rats using Immunohistochemistry methods. Test animals are of type 2 diabetes mellitus insulin-resistance was induced by fructose (1,8 g/kg BW) and fat-rich food (95% pellet, 5% egg yolks and 5 mL/ 200 g BW lard) for 70 days. Determination of insulin resistance used 3 parameters such as blood glucose levels, lipid levels (triglycerides, LDL, cholesterol, and HDL), and hypoglikemic tests with glibenklamid compared to normal controls animals. Insulin resistance test results using statistical analysis Independent Samples t-Test showed significant differences (p< 0.05) between normal rats with fat-fructose rats at day-50 and -70. This indicate fat-fructose rats indicated type 2 DM insulin resistance. Group of combination I (combination purified extract of sambiloto herb and pegagan herb (912,1: 300 mg/kg BB) showed effect of translocation of GLUT-4 protein was better than each purified extract with significantly p<0.05 with oneway ANOVA.

THE EFFECT OF COMBINATION FROM PURIFIED EXTRACT OF SAMBILOTO HERB (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) AND PEGAGAN HERB (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) OF TRANSLOCATION OF GLUT-4 PROTEIN IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS-INSULIN RESISTANCE RATS

Flavonoid is the compounds in nature that play a role in increasing body immunity. Flavonoids in green plants can be sourced from fennel leaves. The aims of the study were to determine the total levels of flavonoids in fennel leaves (Foeniculum vulgare) using Visible Spectrophotometry. Maceration extracted samples using ethanol 96% solvent. Qualitative analysis of flavonoids using dilute NaOH, Wilstater-cyanidin method, and AlCl3. Quersetin used as standard solution. Quantitative analysis was carried out by colorimetric method with ALCl3 reagent as a complex compound. Quantitative analysis was continued with Visible Spectrophotometry on operating time at the 28th minute and a wavelength of 430.5 nm. Qualitative analysis indicate that the ethanol extract of fennel leaves was positive flavonoids. The total flavonoid content of fennel leaves ethanol extract was 99.2 mg QE/g extract with a coefficient of variation 1.27%.

Analysis of total flavanoid levels of fennel leaves (foeniculum vulgare) ethanol extract by spectrophotometry visibel

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease caused by a disruption of the pancreas in producing insulin. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) organization identified ten countries that have the highest cases of Diabetes Mellitus. Indonesia is ranked 7th out of 10 countries and is the only Southeast Asian country included in the list. Prevention of diabetes mellitus is a solution that must be done to reduce cases of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia., one of which is by consuming vegetables that have antidiabetic activity. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the activity of kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) extract in reducing glucose levels. Methods: The qualitative test results showed that the kale extract contained positive flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and phenols. The antidiabetic activity test was carried out using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer and the Nelson Somogyi method. This test is carried out at the 25th minute operating time and a maximum λ of 745 nm. Results: The decrease in glucose levels in kale extract concentration of 4 ppm was 2.23% ± 0.46, 6 ppm of 16.47% ± 0.27.8 ppm of 30.62% ± 0.46, 10 ppm of 41.88 ± 0.27, 12 ppm of 55.50 ± 0.20. The concentration of kale extract in reducing glucose up to 50% (EC50) was 11.13 ppm. Conclusion: Kale extract (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) can reduce glucose levels or have antidiabetic activity.

https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JFIKI/article/download/29208/17585

Novena Yety Lindawati

Papers

Anti-diabetic effect of a combination of andrographolide-enriched extract of Andrographis paniculata (Burm f.) Nees and asiaticoside-enriched extract of Centella asiatica L. in high fructose-fat fed rats.

THE EFFECT OF COMBINATION FROM PURIFIED EXTRACT OF SAMBILOTO HERB (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees) AND PEGAGAN HERB (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) OF TRANSLOCATION OF GLUT-4 PROTEIN IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS-INSULIN RESISTANCE RATS

Analysis of total flavanoid levels of fennel leaves (foeniculum vulgare) ethanol extract by spectrophotometry visibel

Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica)