Purification and immobilization of laccase from Trichoderma harzianum strain HZN10 and its application in dye decolorization

Wide use of dyes in production of fabric becomes the most problematic and generates high amount of liquid effluent pollutants to the surface water. The potential of waste materials, pineapple (Ananas comosus) leaf powder and lime (Citrus aurantifolia) peel powder, to remove Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) from aqueous solution through adsorption process was investigated. Batch experiments were conducted at initial dye concentration of 500 mg/L. Data analysis showed a removal percentage more than 90 %. The Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models were also investigated to study the mechanism of dye molecules onto adsorption process. The optimum equilibrium was obtained by the Langmuir isotherm (R
 2 = 0.9945) for pineapple leaves and (R
 2 = 0.9994) for lime peel. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity adsorbents onto RBBR (9.58 mg/g) were achieved. The pseudo-second-order kinetic indicates that the rate constant was 1.00. The specific area of both adsorbents was identified as homogenous structure and was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analysis. The surface functional groups responsible for dye uptake by adsorbents indicate that both adsorbents were defined as carboxyl group which consists of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups and were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis. The overall study indicates that adsorbents prepared from pineapple leaves and lime peels are alternative low-cost product in dye removal from aqueous solution.

Removal of Remazol Brilliant Blue R from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption Using Pineapple Leaf Powder and Lime Peel Powder

Current advancements on the fabrication, modification, and industrial application of zinc oxide as photocatalyst in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in aquatic systems

Current advancements on the fabrication, modification, and industrial application of zinc oxide as photocatalyst in the removal of organic and inorganic contaminants in aquatic systems.

Twenty-one fungal strains were isolated from dye-contaminated soil; out of them, two fungal strains A2 and G2-1 showed the highest decolorization capacity for real textile effluent and were, hence, identified as Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium based on morphological and molecular methods. The highest decolorization percentage of 78.12 ± 2.1% was attained in the biotreatment with fungal consortium followed by A. flavus and F. oxysporium separately with removal percentages of 54.68 ± 1.2% and 52.41 ± 1.0%, respectively. Additionally, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of the treated effluent showed that a maximum peak (λmax) of 415 nm was reduced as compared with the control. The indicators of wastewater treatment efficacy, namely total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, conductivity, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand with removal percentages of 78.2, 78.4, 58.2, 78.1, and 77.6%, respectively, demonstrated a considerable decrease in values due to fungal consortium treatment. The reduction in peak and mass area along with the appearance of new peaks in GC-MS confirms a successful biodegradation process. The toxicity of treated textile effluents on the seed germination of Vicia faba was decreased as compared with the control. The shoot length after irrigation with effluents treated by the fungal consortium was 15.12 ± 1.01 cm as compared with that treated by tap-water, which was 17.8 ± 0.7 cm. Finally, we recommended the decrease of excessive uses of synthetic dyes and utilized biological approaches for the treatment of real textile effluents to reuse in irrigation of uneaten plants especially with water scarcity worldwide.

https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/3/193/pdf

Biological Treatment of Real Textile Effluent Using Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium and Their Consortium along with the Evaluation of Their Phytotoxicity.

Cresol Red belongs to the triphenylmethane (TPM) class of dyes which are potentially carcinogenic or mutagenic. However, very few studies on biodegradation of Cresol Red were investigated as compared to other type dyes such as azo and anthraquinone dye. The aim of this work is to evaluate triphenylmethane dye Cresol Red degradation by fungal strain isolated from the decayed wood in Johor Bahru, Malaysia. Detailed taxonomic studies identified the organisms as Trichoderma species and designated as strain Trichoderma harzianum M06. In this study, Cresol Red was decolorized up to 88% within 30 days under agitation condition by Trichoderma harzianum M06. Data analysis revealed that a pH value of 3 yielded a highest degradation rate among pH concentrations (73%), salinity concentrations of 100 g/L (73%), and a volume of 0.1 mL of Tween 80 (79%). Induction in the enzyme activities of manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, laccase, 1,2- and 2,3-dioxygenase indicates their involvement in Cresol Red removal. Various analytical studies such as Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis spectrophotometer, and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the biotransformation of Cresol Red by the fungus. Two metabolites were identified in the treated medium: 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (t R 7.3 min and m/z 355) and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (t R 8.6 min and m/z 267). Based on these products, a probable pathway has been proposed for the degradation of Cresol Red by Trichoderma harzianum M06.

Mechanism of triphenylmethane Cresol Red degradation by Trichoderma harzianum M06

Polyporus sp. S133 decolorized the Amaranth in 72 h (30 mg L−1) under static and shaking conditions. Liquid medium containing glucose has shown the highest decolorization of Amaranth by Polyporus sp. S133. When the effect of increasing inoculum concentration on decolorization of Amaranth was studied, maximum decolorization was observed with 15 % inoculum concentration. Significant increase in the enzyme production of laccase (102.2 U L−1) was observed over the period of Amaranth decolorization compared to lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase. Germination rate of Sorghum vulgare and Triticum aestivum was less with Amaranth treatment as compared to metabolites obtained after its decolorization. Based on the metabolites detected by GC–MS, it was proposed that Amaranth was bio-transformed into two intermediates, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid and 1,4-naphthaquinone. Overall findings suggested the ability of Polyporus sp. S133 for the decolorization of azo dye and ensured the ecofriendly degradation of Amaranth.

Decolorization and degradation mechanism of Amaranth by Polyporus sp. S133

Approximately 10-15 % of usage synthetic textile dyes are released to waste streams meanwhile the effluent release from wastewater treatment plant contribute 20 % Adsorption being a physical process, inexpensive and less time consuming, is widely accepted to eliminate dyes from wastewater An experiment was carried out to observe the adsorption of Brilliant Green and Procion Red dye The experiment is to identify the most effective adsorbent to remove the colour of Brilliant Green and Procion Red Both dyes were mixed with the agricultural wastes, spent tea leaves, jackfruit peels, rambutan peels, and mangosteen peels The percentage of removal and adsorption capacity of the dyes were examined Rambutan peels were the most effective adsorbent to remove Brilliant Green which is 9642 % with 964 mg/g adsorption capacity, whereas for Procion Red, jackfruit peels were recorded as the highest percentage of removal, 612 % with 612 mg/g adsorption capacity in 24 hours Based on FESEM and FTIR results, the effectiveness of adsorbents was affected by the structure of the adsorbent, presence of pores and functional groups Functional group of carbonyl and carboxyl helps in the adsorption process and will form bonds with the dyes and thus remove them from the solution

Removal of brilliant green and procionred dyes from aqueous solutionby adsorption using selected agricultural wastes

This study explored the low-cost adsorbent of durian peel for BPA removal from aqueous solutions. The effect of various operational parameters such as contact time, temperature, concentration, agitation and pH on the adsorption of BPA was investigated using the batch adsorption study. It was found that Durian peel can be used as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of BPA in aqueous solution after treated with sulfuric acid. The effects of morphology, functional groups, and surface area of adsorbent, before and after pretreatment with sulfuric acid and reaction were investigated by using FESEM, FTIR, and BET. The present study indicates that durian peel had removed 69.63% of BPA with adsorption capacity of 4.178 mg/g for 24 hours. The result proved that this treated agricultural waste was promising material as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of BPA from aqueous solution. Kinetic study of the results gave a pseudo-second order type of mechanism while the adsorption characteristics of the adsorbent followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Nurafifah Mohd Nor

Papers

Mechanism of triphenylmethane Cresol Red degradation by Trichoderma harzianum M06

Decolorization and degradation mechanism of Amaranth by Polyporus sp. S133

Removal of brilliant green and procionred dyes from aqueous solutionby adsorption using selected agricultural wastes

Utilization of durian peel as potential adsorbent for bisphenol a removal in aquoeus solution