The influence of MgO on the radiation protection and mechanical properties of tellurite glasses

Highly efficient gamma shielding of BZBB glasses with various Bi2O3 concentrations in the xBi2O3-30B2O3-(65-x)ZnO-5BaO, (5 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%) were evaluated for their radiation shielding properties. The μm results have been evaluated via the NISTXCOM database and simulated via FLUKA code. The simulation values by Monte Carlo code (FLUKA) have been shown to converge and correlate with XCOM values. Shielding properties like HVL, MFP, Zeff, EBF, and EABF values have been computed. The values observed that μm and Zeff increase with increasing Bi2O3. 47.09, 48.91, 50.73, 52.54 and 54.36 (cm2/g) are the μm values for BZBB1, BZBB2, BZBB3, BZBB4 and BZBB5 glasses at 15 keV. Also, the μm values decrease with increasing photon energy for all glass samples. Moreover, BZBB5 sample had the lowest HVL, MFP, EBF, and EABF values. That indicates to the addition of Bi2O3 improves the radiation shielding properties of BZBB glasses. The obtained results were compared with the most commonly shielding materials such as lead and concretes. It was concluded that the improved BZBB glasses with the addition of Bi2O3 showed excellent shielding properties comparing with shielding materials. These results could be highly beneficial for fields such as medical treatment facilities.

Multi-objective optimization strategies for radiation shielding performance of BZBB glasses using Bi2O3: A FLUKA Monte Carlo code calculations

A novel glass system with the composition 50SiO2–(48 + X) Na2B4O7–(2 − X) MnO2 (0 ≤ X ≤ 2 mol%) was synthesized using the classical melting method. The obtained FT-IR spectroscopy of the fabricated samples refers to the transformation of the structural unit BO3 into BO4. Ultrasonic velocities and elastic moduli were found to increase with the increase in the ratio of Na2B4O7 in the fabricated samples. MCNP-5 code was applied to determine the gamma-ray shielding characteristics. The results demonstrate that the glasses without MnO2 content have the best gamma-ray shielding capacity. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) varied in the range between 0.055 and 8.873 cm−1 for gamma photons between 0.015 and 15 meV. Moreover, the fast neutron removal cross section was calculated theoretically. The mass stopping power and the projected range were calculated using the Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter program (SRIM) for charged protons and alpha particles.

Synthesis, structure, mechanical and radiation shielding features of 50SiO2–(48 + X) Na2B4O7–(2 − X) MnO2 glasses

In this work, a series of tellurite glass combined with various concentrations of germanium oxide was fabricated according to the formula of (70-x)TeO2-xGeO2–20ZnO-10Li2O where x = 5, 10, 15 and 20 mol% via utilizing the melt-quench method for possible use in a radiation shielding applications. X-ray diffraction and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared was employed to investigate the structure of the synthesized glasses. The density and Poisson's ratio for current samples reduced gradually from 5.221–5.008 g.cm−3 and 0.134–0.131, respectively, while the enhancement in bandgap values from 3.700–3.872 eV with addition of GeO2 is observed. The linear attenuation coefficient values at 0.015 MeV are 230.123 and 236.832 cm−1 for samples TG1 and TG4, respectively. Moreover, the lowest half-value layer attained via TG1 and raises from 0.0030 to 3.6684 cm while the highest HVL attained by TG4 and raises from 0.0029 to 3.9696 cm.

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Germanate oxide impacts on the optical and gamma radiation shielding properties of TeO2-ZnO-Li2O glass system

A novel glass system with a chemical composition described by the formula 50SiO2– (48+x) Na2B4O7 – x MnO2 (0≤x≤2 mol %) was fabricated using a melt-quenching method. An XRD diffractometer procedure was applied to check the state of these glass samples. Obtaining the physical and optical values of the manganese borosilicate glass system can help develop solid-state devices and optical memory equipment. The energy gap shifting to higher energies may be due to the formation of bridging oxygens (BO). Urbach energies decrease in the range between 0.736 and 0.485 eV, with increasing the borax concentration between 48-50 mol %, respectively. The polarizability and optical basicity were investigated based on the experimental values of the refractive index for the fabricated glass samples. The polarizability and basicity were found to have the same trend as the refractive index. Monte Carlo N-particle transport code (MCNP-5) was applied to evaluate the gamma-shielding features for the investigated glass samples at gamma-photon energies between 0.248 and 1.406 MeV. The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was simulated based on the average track length of the gamma photons inside the fabricated glass samples. The highest LAC was achieved for the G5 glass sample, which has no MnO2 and changed between 0.330-0.153 cm−1 for photons with energy ranged between 0.248 and 1.406 MeV, respectively.

Novel borosilicate glass system: Na2B4O7-SiO2-MnO2: Synthesis, average electronics polarizability, optical basicity, and gamma-ray shielding features

The radiation shielding effects and elastic properties of adding lead (Pb) and bismuth (Bi) to glasses was analyzed. Six different glasses, coded as G1-G6, were simulated with varying compositions of bismuth oxide and lead oxide, with G1 having the lowest density and G6 having the greatest. MCNP-5 code was used to calculate the mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer, tenth value layer, and mean free path of the glasses, the latter of which was compared with other radiation shields. These parameters were investigated between 0.015 MeV and 15 MeV. The bond compression model was utilized to analyze various parameters that describe the elastic properties of the glass samples. From the ultrasonic wave measurement result, the substitution of PbO and Bi2O3 which working as a network modifier towards SiO2 glass systems would break up the Si–O–Si bonds along with all the formation of non-bridging oxygen's which give the impact in the elastic moduli analysis of the glasses.

The influence of PbO and Bi2O3 on the radiation shielding and elastic features for different glasses

Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) is produced from an acid-base reaction between various type of alkaline glass powder and polymeric acid. In this research, calcium fluoro-alumino-silicate (CFAS) glass was derived from waste materials such as soda-lime-silica (SLS) glass and clam shell (CS) which are sources of silica and calcium oxide respectively. The polyacrylic acid (PAA) is used to produced mobile carboxyl group and then, react with metal ions on the surface of CFAS glass. To study the influence of ageing time on physical, structural and mechanical properties of GIC, deionized water was used as a soaking medium. The density results increase throughout the ageing time from 7–28 days. The density of GIC at 7 days shows 1.622 g/cm3 and increasing to 1.789 g/cm3 at 28 days. However, the molar volume shows the opposite action comparing with the density of GIC. The molar volume shows continue decreasing from 357.63–324.25 cm3 mol−1. From the XRD result, GIC was indicating amorphous structure during ageing range between 7–28 days. FTIR analysis shows this phenomenon occurs due to the deformation of Si−OH bonding and formation of Si-O-Si simultaneously in the presence of water which is influence the mechanical strength of GIC. The mechanical properties of GIC increase by ageing time through the compressive test from 42.23–50.28 MPa. Thus, the observed results in this study promise the GIC derived from waste materials have a high potential in dental application due to excellence structural and mechanical properties against ageing.

Soda lime silicate glass and clam Shell act as precursor in synthesize calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass to fabricate glass ionomer cement with different ageing time

Nuraidayanie Effendy

Papers

The influence of PbO and Bi2O3 on the radiation shielding and elastic features for different glasses

Soda lime silicate glass and clam Shell act as precursor in synthesize calcium fluoroaluminosilicate glass to fabricate glass ionomer cement with different ageing time

Ultrasonic and mechanical properties of binary zinc-borate glasses using artificial neural networks simulation