Statement of problem Measuring vertical dimension is a soft-tissue measurement. Therefore, inaccuracy may occur. Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of the Willis gauge method with the caliper method. Material and methods The Willis gauge measures the distance between the septum of the nose and the chin. The caliper method measures the distance between reference points on the tip of the nose and the chin. Twenty predoctoral students applied both methods 10 times in measuring the rest vertical dimension (RVD) and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) of a single edentulous patient. The measurements obtained from one experienced clinician were selected as controls for the interocclusal distances (IOD) for the Willis and the caliper methods, respectively. One-sided t tests and a 1-sided nonparametric test were used to determine significant differences between the 2 methods (α=.05). Results The variances in the RVD values for the Willis gauge method were higher than for the caliper method for most students. A Wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the accuracy of the OVD measurements for the caliper method was significantly better than for the Willis gauge method ( P =.001). This was not the case for the RVD measurements ( P =.073).The average IOD for the Willis method was significantly higher than the control IOD ( P =.026). The average IOD for the caliper method was not significantly larger than the control ( P =.1303). Conclusion This study showed that the use of the caliper method by predoctoral students was a significantly more reliable method of measuring the OVD for the patient evaluated.

A comparison of the accuracy of two methods used by pre-doctoral students to measure vertical dimension

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the distance measured from the distal outer of the eye to the parting line of the lips and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) measured by two methods. Methods: One hundred and fourteen dental students (76 males and 38 females) were recruited for this study with mean age (22.34 ± 1.83) years. The distance from distal canthus of the eye to rima oris (eye-RO) was compared with two different measurements of the OVD (nasal [N] to gnathion [Gn], and subnasal [Sn] to menton [Me]). All distances were measured using modified digital caliper.Results: Pearson correlation coefficient test for correlations and paired samples t-test for differences were used with a significant level of (P < 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between the eye-RO distance and the two measurements of the OVD. However, this correlation was stronger between eye-RO and the distance from the tip of the nose to the tip of the chin than that between eye-RO and the distance from the septum of the nose to the under of the chin (r = 0.313 with P = 0.0007, r = 0.296 with P = 0.0014), respectively. Conclusion: The distance from the outer canthus of the eye to the parting of the lips seems to be a reliable method in predicting the OVD and should relate to the distance from the tip of the nose to the tip of the chin.

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Eye-rima oris distance and its relation to the vertical dimension of occlusion measured by two methods: Anthropometric study in a sample of Yemeni dental students.

Establishment of proper occlusal vertical dimension is the important yet daunting task for successful prosthodontic therapy for function, esthetics and comfort to the edentulous patients. In the current study the relationship of various distances between facial landmarks to the OVD was tested in two ethnic groups of Nepal, viz. Aryans and Mongoloids. The result of this study can be useful in determining proper OVD in the patients who have lost the OVD. The aim of the study was to find the correlation between facial landmarks and OVD. Materials and methods: The OVD was measured using a Boley gauge from the prominent part of chin and nose. Other facial landmarks were also measured using the calipers in 200 adult volunteers. Results: The Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient was determined. OVD was significantly (p≤0.05) correlated with rima oris to pupil distance (r = 0.557 in whole population, r = 0.577 in Aryans and 0.466 in Mongoloids). Conclusions: The distance between rima oris to pupil distance has higher correlation to OVD than other facial measurements.

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Correlation between Facial Measurements and Occlusal Vertical Dimension: An Anthropometric Study in Two Ethnic Groups of Nepal

Introduction: Among the most complex restorative challenges for a dentist is that related to determine the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD). Objective methods of determining the OVD offers significant advantages because no radiographs or other special measuring devices are required. Previous review said that the OVD is similar to the pupil-rima oris distance among the population of India. The purpose of this study was to compare whether there was differences between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance among Sundanese population. Method: This study was an analytical cross sectional approach. A total of fifty Sundanese students of Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran who have fulfilled all criteria were chosen randomly to be measured the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance. Result: Results showed that there was no significant difference between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance (α=5%). There were strong correlations between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance (p<0.05). An analysed with Spearman’s rank correlation statistic (α=5%) reveals that there was a significant difference between males and females in the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance. Conclusion : Based on the analysed data, we can conclude that there wass no significant difference between the OVD and the pupil-rima oris distance, thus, the pupil-rima oris distance can be suggested as an objective method to determine the length of OVD in Sundanese population.

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Correlation between the occlusal vertical dimension and the pupil rima oris distance among Sundanese population

Objective: Anthropometric measurements have often been used for determining vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). However, most of them seem to be subjective. This study was designed to evaluate the correlation between length of the ear and VDO in dentulous subjects. Materials and methods: Two hundred participants (mean age 24.7) were included in the study. Vertical length was measured from the superior most point of the helix to the inferior most point of the lobule of external ear. Vertical dimension of occlusion was measured between two points on the base of nose and the most prominent point of the chin. All measurements were made with digital vernier caliper with a least count of 0.01 mm by two calibrated investigators. Mean readings were correlated using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: An r-value of 0.640 was found to exist between the two variables measured. Correlation was more with respect to the male gender (r = 0.750) as compared to females (r = 0.570). Conclusion: The linear vertical length of the external ear was found to be positively correlated to the VDO. With the help of regression equation one can know the VDO if ear length is known. How to cite this article: Prajapati P, Sethuraman R, Naveen YG, Patel J. An Anthropometric Correlation of Vertical Dimension of Occlusion and Linear Ear Length in Dentulous Subjects. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(3):131-135. Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None

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An Anthropometric Correlation of Vertical Dimension of Occlusion and Linear Ear Length in Dentulous Subjects

'Willis' methods is one of the methods used to determine the vertical dimension of occlusion, where the upper facial height from the pupil of the eye to the rima oris, is presumed to be equal to the lower facial height, which is the vertical measurement from the base of the nose to the lower border of the chin, when the teeth are in occlusion. Results of this study shows that the two measurements are not equal. The upper facial measurement is longer than the lower facial measurements by 3 cm.

A comparative study of the upper and lower vertical facial measurements of the Filipinos as it is used in the Willis method for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion.

O K Olaivar

Papers

A comparative study of the upper and lower vertical facial measurements of the Filipinos as it is used in the Willis method for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion.