応用水文 = Applied hydrology

Environmental contamination due to solid waste mismanagement is a global issue. Open dumping and open burning are the main implemented waste treatment and final disposal systems, mainly visible in low-income countries. This paper reviews the main impacts due to waste mismanagement in developing countries, focusing on environmental contamination and social issues. The activity of the informal sector in developing cities was also reviewed, focusing on the main health risks due to waste scavenging. Results reported that the environmental impacts are pervasive worldwide: marine litter, air, soil and water contamination, and the direct interaction of waste pickers with hazardous waste are the most important issues. Many reviews were published in the scientific literature about specific waste streams, in order to quantify its effect on the environment. This narrative literature review assessed global issues due to different waste fractions showing how several sources of pollution are affecting the environment, population health, and sustainable development. The results and case studies presented can be of reference for scholars and stakeholders for quantifying the comprehensive impacts and for planning integrated solid waste collection and treatment systems, for improving sustainability at a global level.

Waste Mismanagement in Developing Countries: A Review of Global Issues.

The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature

Global industrialization has accounted for large amounts of generated waste, which have accumulated over the years. To guarantee that the future generations will have sufficient resources like food, water and prosperity, it is therefore necessary to transition from a linear economy to a circular economy. Circular economy is one concept, which has continued to gain traction over the years as an effective approach to achieve global, national and local sustainability. A systematic review was employed in this research project with the purpose of identifying how the practical contributions of circular economy have been pursued actively in Australia and other developed countries by reviewing existing and relevant published studies on circular economy in these countries. The result produced a total of 70 final articles, which were collected and analysed for the study considering mainly the year of publication, research methodology, geographical context and industrial applications. Furthermore, the study highlighted very little attention is given to circular economy in many low-income and medium-income countries, and thus, this study explored how this transformative notion can be adopted in developing countries with the participation of key stakeholders to solve waste mismanagement problems.

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A Review of Circular Economy Studies in Developed Countries and Its Potential Adoption in Developing Countries

Non-renewable fuel sources have been the predominant energy sources and a significant source of foreign exchange income for Nigeria, while at the same time there is a severe problem of electricity inconsistency and persistent power blackouts in Nigeria. The research aims to end the concern for deficient energy use, and to encourage energy efficiency and sustainability. Nigeria has not maximized the advantages of renewable energy after the denationalisation of its electricity industry despite the current transformation in the power industry and the rising demand for renewable energy supply. The research adopts a doctrinal legal approach with a library-based legal research technique with a comparative legal method. It reveals that the absence of a comprehensible legal regime with encouragement for the use of renewable energy is the fundamental element causing the slow utilization of renewable energy as a substitute source of energy in Nigeria. It is suggested that, among other reforms, there is a need for a comprehensible legal regime on renewable energy and the encouragement of strict implementation of energy regulatory strategies and policies with incentives for the application of renewable energy sources in Nigeria.

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The legal sustainability of energy substitution in Nigeria’s electric power sector: renewable energy as alternative

The absence of sanitary landfill in Abuja, Nigeria has been a challenge that needs the full attention of the authorities. The improper disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW) on open land is a burden to the government due to the health implications and the socioeconomic issues associated with it. In order to mitigate environmental degradation, health risk concern and public vexation, the study aims at identifying suitable sites for MSW disposal in Abuja Municipal Area Council and Bwari area council of Abuja which meets global specification and standards. The integration of Geospatial data: Landsat-7ETM+, NigeriaSat-X, ASTER-GDEM, base map, soil and geology maps and multi-criteria evaluation, was used to evaluate the relative importance of each criterion in the study. Each map layers were formed by using the spatial analysis potential of the ArcGIS10.1 software and final suitability map was created using the weighted overlay analysis. The results of the analysis identified six potential sites for sanitary landfill; however four out of the six sites were considered due to the land area size of the sites and its non-intersection with the Abuja land use plan. Also, results showed that none of the existing MSW disposal sites met the global standards considered. In view of the ecological and environmental challenges regarding MSW disposal sites in Abuja, this study shows that GIS is an effective tool in MSW management, which will assist decision makers to plan appropriately toward achieving an aesthetic, healthy and sustainable environment.

A GIS-based analysis for sanitary landfill sites in Abuja, Nigeria

The upper Benue River watershed is undergoing remarkable modifications due to man-made and natural phenomena. Hence, an evaluation is required to understand the hydrological process of the watershed for planning and management strategies. This study aimed to assess the morphometric characteristics and prioritize the upper Benue River watershed. The boundary of the watershed and sub-watersheds, as well as stream networks, was extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM) coupled with hydrological and topographic maps. Twenty-eight morphometric parameters under three categories, i.e. linear, areal, and relief aspects were computed and mapped. Findings from the study revealed that the watershed is a seventh stream order system characterized by a dendritic drainage pattern. The result also showed that 4821 streams were extracted with a cumulative length of 30,232.84 km. The hypsometric integral of the watershed was estimated to be 0.22, indicating that it is in the old stage. In the prioritization of the watershed, the morphometric variables were utilized to calculate and classify the compound factor. The result showed that sub-watersheds 12, 16, 18, 24, 26, and 27 were ranked as very high priority for which conservation measures are required to mitigate the risk of flood and erosion. The outcome of this study can be used by decision-makers for sustainable watershed management and planning.

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Morphometric analysis and prioritization of upper Benue River watershed, Northern Nigeria

The demand for Energy in most Sub-Saharan African countries has become unimaginable despite its high potential of natural and renewable resources. The deficit has impeded the regions' economic growth and sustainability. Nigeria as a nation is blessed with fossil fuels, abundant sunlight, hydro, wind and many among others, but the energy output to its population (185 million) still remains less than 4000MW. Currently, the clamour for an alternative but renewable energy source is the demand of the globe but it is quite expensive to achieve the yield that meets the Nigeria demand. Hence, this study aims at identifying and mapping out various regions with renewable energy potentials. The study also considers municipal solid waste as a consistent and available resource for power generation. Furthermore, this study examines the drawbacks inhibiting the inability to harness these renewable, energy generating potentials in full capacity. The study will enable the authorities and other stakeholders to invest and plan on providing a sustainable energy for the people.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/95/4/042043/pdf

Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources & Municipal Solid Waste for Sustainable Power Generation in Nigeria

Improving the planning and management of urban green spaces can cause a drastic reduction in land surface temperature (LST). This research explored the geospatial techniques in assessing the effect of green spaces on the thermal environment of Port Harcourt, Nigeria during a hot-dry season. In this study, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) were employed to investigate the effects of vegetation distribution of urban green spaces on the urban thermal environment. LST maps were retrieved from the Thermal Infrared Sensor data of Landsat 8 acquired on 27 December 2018, while urban green spaces were extracted from high-resolution Google Earth Pro imagery. The results showed that a strong negative relationship exists between NDVI and LST, as well as between SAVI and LST which showed that urban green spaces have proven to have substantial cooling effects on the urban thermal environment within the study area. Results further revealed that increasing the area of green spaces to 28.67 ha and above will ensure the attainment of a stronger Park Cooling Intensity (PCI) effect. On the other hand, green spaces which are 8.28 ha or less have a lower PCI effect. The shape (perimeter/area) of green spaces has proven to have a negative correlation with the PCI effect. Green spaces with near-circular configurations will produce a stronger PCI effect. The role of urban greenery in mitigating high discomfort experienced in urban environments is crucial to urban planners and managers in the design of green spaces with a high cooling effect.

The effect of green spaces on the urban thermal environment during a hot-dry season: a case study of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

/pdf/an-optimization-of-the-municipal-solid-waste-in-abuja-50zlfojd3t.pdf

Olaide M. Aderoju

Papers

A GIS-based analysis for sanitary landfill sites in Abuja, Nigeria

Morphometric analysis and prioritization of upper Benue River watershed, Northern Nigeria

Assessment of Renewable Energy Sources & Municipal Solid Waste for Sustainable Power Generation in Nigeria

The effect of green spaces on the urban thermal environment during a hot-dry season: a case study of Port Harcourt, Nigeria

An optimization of the municipal solid waste in Abuja, Nigeria for electrical power generation