Olivier J. Wouters

TL;DR: The authors in this article reviewed potential challenges to success in each of these dimensions and discussed policy implications. But having licensed vaccines is not enough to achieve global control of COVID-19: they also need to be produced at scale, priced affordably, allocated globally so that they are available where needed, and widely deployed in local communities.

TL;DR: An estimate of research and development costs for new therapeutic agents based on publicly available data is provided to reflect the spectrum of products analyzed, the restricted availability of data in the public domain, and differences in underlying assumptions in the cost calculations.

TL;DR: Which early CKD interventions are appropriate, the optimum time to provide clinical care, and the most suitable model of care to adopt are discussed.

TL;DR: It is indicated that there are opportunities for cost savings in generic drug markets in Europe and the United States, and governments should apply coherent supply‐ and demand‐side policies inGeneric drug markets.

TL;DR: Investigation of a broad range of regulatory measures, spanning marketing authorization to generic substitution and resulting price levels in a sample of 16 European health systems finds no definitive evidence has yet been produced on the effects of different cost-containment measures on patient outcomes.