Showing papers by "Olof Nyrén published in 2018"
TL;DR: The precancerous mucosal abnormalities recorded in a person’s first-degree relatives may improve GC risk stratification for this person.
Abstract: Background An increased prevalence of gastric premalignant abnormalities was reported among relatives of gastric cancer (GC) patients, with rather unexplored clinical significance. Methods In Swedish computerized pathology registers, we identified, as 'index' persons, 232 681 patients who were born after 1931 and underwent endoscopic examination with stomach biopsy between 1979 and 2014. Through linkage with the Multi-Generation Register, we compiled a cohort consisting of 903 337 first-degree relatives of these biopsied patients. The relatives were grouped according to their 'family histories', defined as the first gastric mucosal diagnosis of the index person or GC family history known before that. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) provided comparisons with the matched general population. For internal comparisons with relatives with 'normal/minor changes' mucosal family history, hazard ratios (HRs) were derived from adjusted Cox regression modelling. Results During follow-up, 1302 relatives developed GC. Crude incidence rates of non-cardia GC were 7.7 × 10-5 year-1 for the 'normal/minor changes' family history group (SIR = 1.0), 11.2 to 12.6 × 10-5 year-1 for precancerous changes groups (atrophic gastritis/intestinal metaplasia/dysplasia, SIR = 1.5 to 1.6), and 18.4 × 10-5 year-1 for those with a family history of GC (SIR = 2.3). HRs derived from Cox models corroborated the family history-related risk pattern, with the most conspicuous trend observed among siblings-a family history of any precancerous changes and GC was associated with, respectively, a 2.5-fold and a 3.8-fold increment in non-cardia GC hazard, compared with siblings of index persons with 'normal/minor mucosal changes'. Conclusions The precancerous mucosal abnormalities recorded in a person's first-degree relatives may improve GC risk stratification for this person.
18 citations
TL;DR: It is found that having children ≤ 6 years, female gender, higher education and treatment for allergy, asthma or lung cancer were related to a higher number of URTI among those experiencing URTi.
Abstract: Objectives Previous studies found higher levels of physical activity to be protective against infections and that short and long sleep negatively affects the immune response. However, these relationships remain debatable. We aimed to investigate if physical activity and sleep habits affect incidence of upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) in a prospective cohort study. Methods A total of 2,038 adults aged 25-64 years served as a random sample of the gainfully employed population of an industrial town in Sweden. Physical activity and sleep habits were estimated through self-reported questionnaires. Physical activity was expressed as metabolic energy turnover hours per day. Sleep was assessed as number of hours slept per night and its perceived quality. URTI outcome was prospectively self-reported during a 9-month follow-up period. Associations of physical activity and sleep with URTI were estimated using hurdle regression models adjusted for potential confounders. Results During 1,583 person-years 1,597 URTI occurred, resulting in an incidence of 1.01 infections/person-year (95% CI 0.96-1.06). The fitted regression models did not provide support for an association with physical activity or sleep habits. Factors positively associated with experiencing URTI were having children ≤ 6 years, female gender, higher education and treatment for allergy, asthma or lung cancer. Having children ≤ 6 years and female gender were related to a higher number of URTI among those experiencing URTI. Conclusions We did not find any association between physical activity, sleep duration or sleep quality and the occurrence of upper respiratory tract infections in adult Swedish population.
15 citations
TL;DR: A diet rich in antioxidants might protect from MI, as a monotonic trend of decreasing MI incidence is found for overall MI and non-fatal MI.
Abstract: Background Results from randomized trials of antioxidant supplementation have cast doubt on observational data linking diets high in antioxidants to a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. We hypothesized that supplementation of one or a few antioxidants might not simulate the complex actions of all antioxidants in the human diet. We therefore investigated the association between dietary Non Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), reflecting the antioxidant potential of the whole diet, and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods In the Swedish National March Cohort, 34 543 men and women free from cardiovascular diseases and cancer were followed through record linkages from 1997 until 2010. NEAC was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline. The distribution of NEAC was categorized into sex-specific quartiles. We fitted multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results During a mean follow-up time of 12.7 years, we identified 1142 incident cases of MI. Successively higher quartiles (Qs) of dietary NEAC were accompanied by a monotonic trend of decreasing MI incidence, both for overall MI (HR Q4 vs Q1: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61-0.96; p for trend = 0.008) and non-fatal MI (HR Q4 vs Q1: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56-0.92; p for trend = 0.004). No such association was found for fatal MI. Conclusions A diet rich in antioxidants might protect from MI.
11 citations