The use of repeaters (relays) has recently been introduced in power line communication (PLC) systems for long-distance data transfer and thus, it becomes important to analyze the performance of relay based PLC systems. A simplified system model with distance dependent signal attenuation and additive white Gaussian noise may not cover all the factors affecting the data transfer, such as variation in amplitude (fading) and occurrence of impulsive noise. Hence, a more realistic system model with log-normal fading, distance dependent signal attenuation, and a Bernoulli-Gaussian impulsive noise is considered in this paper to study the end-to-end average bit error rate (BER) and the end-to-end average channel capacity of a PLC system equipped with amplify-and-forward (AF) relays. Approximate closed-form expressions of the end-to-end average BER for binary phase-shift keying and the average channel capacity for high signal-to-noise ratio are obtained. The performance of the PLC system with AF relays is found to be superior compared to that of a direct transmission PLC system for fixed transmission power.

PLC System Performance With AF Relaying

House combustion is one of the main concerns for builders, designers, and property residents Singular sensors were used for a long time in the event of detection of a fire, but these sensors can not measure the amount of fire to alert the emergency response units To address this problem, this study aims to implement a smart fire detection system that would not only detect the fire using integrated sensors but also alert property owners, emergency services, and local police stations to protect lives and valuable assets simultaneously The proposed model in this paper employs different integrated detectors, such as heat, smoke, and flame The signals from those detectors go through the system algorithm to check the fire's potentiality and then broadcast the predicted result to various parties using GSM modem associated with the system To get real-life data without putting human lives in danger, an IoT technology has been implemented to provide the fire department with the necessary data Finally, the main feature of the proposed system is to minimize false alarms, which, in turn, makes this system more reliable The experimental results showed the superiority of our model in terms of affordability, effectiveness, and responsiveness as the system uses the Ubidots platform, which makes the data exchange faster and reliable

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A smart fire detection system using iot technology with automatic water sprinkler

2 Abstract: In this paper basically a low cost fire detection and control system based on smoke and heat detection is proposed. It is comprised of a combination of electrical/electronic devices/equipments working together to detect the presence of fire and alert people through audio or visual medium after detection. These alarms may be activated from smoke detectors or heat detectors which, when detects fire. Then, it automatically operates a relay which can be used to send Short Message Service (SMS) to the registered mobile numbers and switch on a water sprayer or a Solenoid Pump to spray water or fire ceasing foam.

Automated Fire Detection and Controlling System

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Development of building security integration system using sensors, microcontroller and GPS (Global Positioning System) based android smartphone

A fire outbreak is a major tragedy that must be avoided by every possible means due to the potential loss of lives and property, fire when not controlled can grow large and may require days to bring under control.Hence this technology must be applied to minimize or even eliminate this great hazard. In This study, a fire alarm and detection system was developed. This system was built with the GSM module embedded in it, which helps to send SMS (Short messaging service) to the home owners and the fire service personal, when there is fire outbreak before it gets out of range. Furthermore, this study provides a technology that would be accessible and affordable to the world at large so that homes, offices, and schools can adopt the use in other to protect lives and property. If and when the developed system is commercialized, it will help reduce uncontrolled fires by 50% because it warns of dangerous conditions before a fire outbreak.

An SMS Based Fire Alarm and Detection System

In this work a review of existing fire-detector types has been carried out along with the development of a low cost, portable, and reliable microcontroller based automated fire alarm system for remotely alerting any fire incidents in household or industrial premises. The aim of the system designed is to alert the distant property-owner efficiently and quickly by sending short message (SMS) via GSM network. A Linear integrated temperature sensor detects temperature beyond preset value whereas semiconductor type sensor detects presence of smoke or gas from fire hazards. The sensor units are connected via common data line to ATMega8L AVR microcontroller. A SIM300CZ GSM kit based network module, capable of operating in standard GSM bands, has been used to send alert messages. The system is implemented on printed circuit board (PCB) and tested under different experimental conditions to evaluate its performances.

/pdf/fire-detectors-review-and-design-of-an-automated-quick-2fmaivamxl.pdf

Fire-Detectors Review and Design of an Automated, Quick Responsive Fire-Alarm System Based on SMS

Broadband
over Power Line (BPL) is an alternative means of providing high-speed Internet
access, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), and other broadband services to
homes and businesses by using the existing medium voltage (MV) and low voltage
(LV) power lines. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding about BPL
with its implementation prospects. In
this context, the existing power grid infrastructures are discussed
elaborately. BPL system functionality with its components and its benefits over
other access technologies is also pointed out. Implementation scenarios for
various deployment options are illustrated here. The different implementation
challenges for BPL system, such as the characteristics of power lines,
attenuation problem, noise, potential interference with the other radio
frequencies are also presented with their remedies. Comparative analysis
between several broadband
access technologies shows the feasibility of BPL deployments all over the
world.

https://file.scirp.org/pdf/IJCNS_2014090209174645.pdf

Omar Asif

Papers

Fire-Detectors Review and Design of an Automated, Quick Responsive Fire-Alarm System Based on SMS

Broadband over Power Line (BPL): An Emerging Technology for Bangladesh