Context: Alstonia boonei De Wild (Apocyanaceae) is used in ethnomedicine for the management of malaria, ulcer, rhematic pain, toothache, and inflammatory disorders.Objective: To investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of β-amyrin and α-amyrin acetate isolated from the stem bark of Alstonia boonei using animal models.Materials and methods: Chromatographic purification of the crude methanol extract led to the isolation and structure elucidation of β-amyrin and α-amyrin acetate. Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in rodents using egg albumen-induced paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema models. The gastric ulcerogenic, in vivo leucocyte migration, and RBC membrane stabilization tests were also investigated.Results: α-Amyrin acetate at 100 mg/kg showed significant (p   0.01) irritation of the gastric mucosa while significant...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3109/13880209.2014.898078

beta-Amyrin and alpha-amyrin acetate isolated from the stem bark of Alstonia boonei display profound anti-inflammatory activity.

Objective: Oxidative stress and oxidative stress induced DNA damage is one of the potential cause of arthritis. Methanolic extract of Costus speciosus rhizome is rich in flavonoids. Flavonoids are very well known to reduce oxidative stress. Reduction in oxidative stress may be the reason of inhibition of DNA damage. The objective of research is to study the effect of Costus speciosus rhizome extract against oxidative stress induced DNA damage as well as its in-vitro anti-arthritic potential. Methods: Extraction of Costus speciosus rhizome was done with 80% methanol using soxhlet assembly. Quantitative estimation of extract for flavonoids was done. Arthritis was induced by FCA administration. Different oxidative stress parameters like nitric oxide, GSH, MDA were evaluated. DNA estimation was done to measure oxidative stress induced DNA damage. In vitro anti arthritic activity was also evaluated. Results: Costus speciosus rhizome extract (100 mg/kg , 200 mg/kg), significantly reduced FCA induced oxidative stress as it reduced NO level, MDA level and raised GSH level in comparison to arthritic control (p<0.05) prophylactically and therapeutically. Costus speciosus rhizome extract significantly inhibits DNA damage in comparision arthritic control at p<0.05 prophylactically and therapeutically. Costus speciosus rhizome extract (100 mcg/ml and 200 mcg/ml) inhibits protein denaturation, proteinase action and membrane destabilization in comparision to control at p<0.05 indicating its antiarthritic potential. Conclusion: Costus speciosus rhizome extract affords protection against FCA induced oxidative stress and DNA damage. It also possesses antiarthritic potential. These effects might be mediated via anti-oxidant potential.

Protection Against FCA Induced Oxidative Stress Induced DNA Damage as a Model of Arthritis and In vitro Anti-arthritic Potential of Costus speciosus Rhizome Extract.

Cardiovascular disease is a compound name for clusters of disorders afflicting the heart and blood vessels; it is assuming an increasing role as a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Unhealthy practices such as smoking, high intake of saturated fat and cholesterol, diabetes and physical inactivity are predisposing factors. The risk factors cause alteration in vascular integrity, compromised membrane integrity, increase free radical generation and reduced endogenous antioxidant system resulting in oxidative stress. Substance with ability to maintain vascular integrity, prevent, or reduce radical formation are able to treat cardiovascular disease. Conventional drugs in use to this effect are with side effect and as alternative, medicinal plants are increasingly gaining acceptance from the public and medical professionals. Reports have shown that bioactive compounds in plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, ability to protect vascular endothelium, prevent lipid oxidation, and augment endogenous antioxidant system are cardioprotective. Phenolics and flavonoids in medicinal plants have been widely reported to play these major roles. This study reviewed the role of bioactive compounds in medicinal plants using a wide range database search.

Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory medicinal plants have potential role in the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a review.

Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the methanol extract of Holigarna caustica (Dennst.) Oken leaves.

Background: The current study aims at evaluating the analgesic, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic extract of the stem, bark and leaves of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb. Results: The AELS and AEAR extract presented a significant (***p < 0.001) dose dependent increase in reaction time in writhing method and showed inhibition of 63.1% and 57.1% respectively at the doses of 400 mg/kg body weight while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 69.23%. In tail immersion method, AELS and AEAR showed maximum time of tail retention at 30 min in hot water i.e. 6.93 sec and 6.54 sec respectively at highest doses of 400 mg/kg body weight than lower dose while standard pentazocine showed reaction time of 7.62 sec. The AELS and AEAR extract also exhibited promisinganti-inflammatory effect as demonstrated by statistically significant inhibition of paw volume by 32.48% and 26.75% respectively at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight while the value at the dose of 200 mg/kg body weight were linear to higher dose at the 3 rd hour of study. On the other hand, Standard indomethacin inhibited 40.13% of inflammation (***P < 0.001). In Cotton-pellet granuloma method, AELS and AEAR extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight exhibited inhibition of inflammation of 34.7% and 29.1% respectively while standard drug showed (P < 0.001) inhibition of 63.22%. Intraperitoneal administration of AELS and AEAR showed dose dependent decrease in body temperature in brewer’s yeast induced hyperthermia in rats at both doses. However, AELS significantly decreased body temperature (***p < 0.001) at 400 mg/kg compared to control. Conclusions: Present work propose that the methanolic extract of Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb possesses dose dependent pharmacological action which supports its therapeutic use in folk medicine possibly mediated through the inhibition or blocking of release of prostaglandin and/or actions of vasoactive substances such as histamine, serotonin and kinins.

/pdf/assessment-of-pharmacological-activities-of-two-medicinal-4ftp6stb4a.pdf

Assessment of pharmacological activities of two medicinal plant of Bangladesh: Launaea sarmentosa and Aegialitis rotundifolia roxb in the management of pain, pyrexia and inflammation

BackgroundSome observations and reports show that people with high consumption of Solanum aethiopicum (African garden egg) have relief in arthritic pains and swelling. We aimed at assessing the effect of methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum in experimentally induced inflammation using leukocyte mobilization and vascular permeability tests in rats and human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization as studies.MethodsTwenty five (25) adult Wistar rats of either sex (120 g – 200 g) divided into five groups of five rats each were used for each of the animal models. Groups 2, 3 and 4 were administered varied doses of the extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), while groups 1 (vehicle control) and 5 (treatment control) received normal saline and indomethacin (50 mg/kg) respectively. Vascular permeability was induced by the intra-peritoneal injection of 1 ml of acetic acid and monitored using 0.5 ml intravenous injection of 1% Evans blue solution. Leukocyte mobilization was induced by the intra-peritoneal injection of 0.5 ml of 3% agar suspension in normal saline. Heat and hypotonicity induced heamolysis of HRBC membrane was used to assess membrane stabilization.ResultsThe methanol extracts of garden egg significantly and dose dependently reduced (p≤0.05) the acetic acid induced vascular permeability and agar induced leukocyte mobilization in rats. The percentage inhibitions of induced vascular permeability were 21 ± 3.39, 25 ±1.92 and 60 ± 3.81 for the 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract while the inhibitions of the agar induced leucocyte migration were 23 ± 2.17, 26 ± 1.58 and 32 ± 1.58 for the 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the extract respectively. The extract also, at doses of 100, 200, 400, 600 and 800 μg/ml significantly inhibited heat induced lysis of the human red cell membrane with values of 66.46 ± 2.89, 65.14 ± 4.58, 46.53 ± 2.52, 61.88 ± 4.51and 86.67 ± 3.06 respectively.ConclusionsThese results show that methanol extract of Solanum aethiopicum has anti-inflammatory properties and can reduce inflammatory injury and tissue damage.

Membrane stabilization as a mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) | University of Nigeria, Nsukka Open Education Resources (OER)

Onyechi Obidoa And Lawrence Us Ezeanyika

Papers

Membrane stabilization as a mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of garden egg (Solanum aethiopicum) | University of Nigeria, Nsukka Open Education Resources (OER)