There is, I think, something ethereal about i —the square root of minus one. I remember first hearing about it at school. It seemed an odd beast at that time—an intruder hovering on the edge of reality.

Usually familiarity dulls this sense of the bizarre, but in the case of i it was the reverse: over the years the sense of its surreal nature intensified. It seemed that it was impossible to write mathematics that described the real world in …

I and i

Preface 1. Decision-Theoretic Foundations 1.1 Game Theory, Rationality, and Intelligence 1.2 Basic Concepts of Decision Theory 1.3 Axioms 1.4 The Expected-Utility Maximization Theorem 1.5 Equivalent Representations 1.6 Bayesian Conditional-Probability Systems 1.7 Limitations of the Bayesian Model 1.8 Domination 1.9 Proofs of the Domination Theorems Exercises 2. Basic Models 2.1 Games in Extensive Form 2.2 Strategic Form and the Normal Representation 2.3 Equivalence of Strategic-Form Games 2.4 Reduced Normal Representations 2.5 Elimination of Dominated Strategies 2.6 Multiagent Representations 2.7 Common Knowledge 2.8 Bayesian Games 2.9 Modeling Games with Incomplete Information Exercises 3. Equilibria of Strategic-Form Games 3.1 Domination and Ratonalizability 3.2 Nash Equilibrium 3.3 Computing Nash Equilibria 3.4 Significance of Nash Equilibria 3.5 The Focal-Point Effect 3.6 The Decision-Analytic Approach to Games 3.7 Evolution. Resistance. and Risk Dominance 3.8 Two-Person Zero-Sum Games 3.9 Bayesian Equilibria 3.10 Purification of Randomized Strategies in Equilibria 3.11 Auctions 3.12 Proof of Existence of Equilibrium 3.13 Infinite Strategy Sets Exercises 4. Sequential Equilibria of Extensive-Form Games 4.1 Mixed Strategies and Behavioral Strategies 4.2 Equilibria in Behavioral Strategies 4.3 Sequential Rationality at Information States with Positive Probability 4.4 Consistent Beliefs and Sequential Rationality at All Information States 4.5 Computing Sequential Equilibria 4.6 Subgame-Perfect Equilibria 4.7 Games with Perfect Information 4.8 Adding Chance Events with Small Probability 4.9 Forward Induction 4.10 Voting and Binary Agendas 4.11 Technical Proofs Exercises 5. Refinements of Equilibrium in Strategic Form 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Perfect Equilibria 5.3 Existence of Perfect and Sequential Equilibria 5.4 Proper Equilibria 5.5 Persistent Equilibria 5.6 Stable Sets 01 Equilibria 5.7 Generic Properties 5.8 Conclusions Exercises 6. Games with Communication 6.1 Contracts and Correlated Strategies 6.2 Correlated Equilibria 6.3 Bayesian Games with Communication 6.4 Bayesian Collective-Choice Problems and Bayesian Bargaining Problems 6.5 Trading Problems with Linear Utility 6.6 General Participation Constraints for Bayesian Games with Contracts 6.7 Sender-Receiver Games 6.8 Acceptable and Predominant Correlated Equilibria 6.9 Communication in Extensive-Form and Multistage Games Exercises Bibliographic Note 7. Repeated Games 7.1 The Repeated Prisoners Dilemma 7.2 A General Model of Repeated Garnet 7.3 Stationary Equilibria of Repeated Games with Complete State Information and Discounting 7.4 Repeated Games with Standard Information: Examples 7.5 General Feasibility Theorems for Standard Repeated Games 7.6 Finitely Repeated Games and the Role of Initial Doubt 7.7 Imperfect Observability of Moves 7.8 Repeated Wines in Large Decentralized Groups 7.9 Repeated Games with Incomplete Information 7.10 Continuous Time 7.11 Evolutionary Simulation of Repeated Games Exercises 8. Bargaining and Cooperation in Two-Person Games 8.1 Noncooperative Foundations of Cooperative Game Theory 8.2 Two-Person Bargaining Problems and the Nash Bargaining Solution 8.3 Interpersonal Comparisons of Weighted Utility 8.4 Transferable Utility 8.5 Rational Threats 8.6 Other Bargaining Solutions 8.7 An Alternating-Offer Bargaining Game 8.8 An Alternating-Offer Game with Incomplete Information 8.9 A Discrete Alternating-Offer Game 8.10 Renegotiation Exercises 9. Coalitions in Cooperative Games 9.1 Introduction to Coalitional Analysis 9.2 Characteristic Functions with Transferable Utility 9.3 The Core 9.4 The Shapkey Value 9.5 Values with Cooperation Structures 9.6 Other Solution Concepts 9.7 Colational Games with Nontransferable Utility 9.8 Cores without Transferable Utility 9.9 Values without Transferable Utility Exercises Bibliographic Note 10. Cooperation under Uncertainty 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Concepts of Efficiency 10.3 An Example 10.4 Ex Post Inefficiency and Subsequent Oilers 10.5 Computing Incentive-Efficient Mechanisms 10.6 Inscrutability and Durability 10.7 Mechanism Selection by an Informed Principal 10.8 Neutral Bargaining Solutions 10.9 Dynamic Matching Processes with Incomplete Information Exercises Bibliography Index

博弈论 : 矛盾冲突分析 = Game theory : analysis of conflict

Among the many technologies that support knowledge management, electronic learning or e-learning has become as popular as business intelligence. Along with the rapid development of modern communications and information technology and the increasing demand for building and maintaining business continuity capabilities, e-learning has emerged into a viable solution for continuous, on-demand training and organizational learning. It becomes critical for organizations to design and develop an effective e-learning system by using well-researched theories and technologies that fit their organizational environment. As we discovered in our study, a successful e-learning system is supported by many critical success factors (CSFs), and technology is the key factor among the CSFs. We also conducted a comparative study on e-learning theories, technologies and products from the perspectives of both western practitioners and Chinese counterparts. Due to the rapid economic development in China and its fast adoption of communications and information technology, the ways Chinese practitioners are developing e-learning theories, technologies and products have inevitably become a focal point in the world of information technology. Through the analysis of the current e-learning technologies and products, we outline the trends of developing e-learning systems and emphasize the importance of proper theories in guiding e-learning systems development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A comparative study on e‐learning technologies and products: from the East to the West

Wireless IPTV (Internet Protocol TeleVision) aims to make the traditional IPTV and related services available to users anywhere, anytime, on any device, and through any network. Mobile streaming TV is one of the alternatives to deploy such a system; others are DVB-H or MediaFLO. In this paper we propose an alternative CDN-based architecture to distribute contents to different access networks, in order to create a triple screen platform. The core elements of the system are the video streamers, acting as surrogates of the mobile CDN-based architecture, installed in the access networks (including mobile), and the transcoding servers in the premises of the content providers. The paper focused on the wireless part of the system, analyzing the architecture and performance results related with the video coding and the efficiency obtained due to the placement of the streaming servers. The system has been deployed by a Spanish media company for its use with different Telcos, ISPs and media companies.

/pdf/wireless-cdn-video-streaming-architecture-for-iptv-3nlem39it9.pdf

Wireless CDN video streaming architecture for IPTV

Problem Durumu: Kimi calismalar, egitim ve ogretimde tablet kullaniminin olumlu sonuclar verdigini gosterse de yuksek ogretimde, akademisyenlerin tablet bilgisayari bir egitim araci olarak kabul edip etmeyecekleri konusu uzerine ampirik bir calisma gorulmemektedir. Bu durum, akademisyenlerin tablet kullanimini ogretim sureclerine dahil etmelerini ve buna iliskin tutumlarini, dusunce ya da kaygilarini tartisilir hale getirmektedir. Yuksek ogretimde tablet kullanimina iliskin alinacak kararlarin, akademisyenlerin tutumlarinin olculerek bilincli bir sekilde alinmasi mantikli olacaktir. Soz konusu tutumlarin olculmesi icin standart karsilastirmalara olanak saglayan bir olcegin gelistirilmesi uygun olacaktir.        Calismanin Amaci: Bu calismanin amaci, tablet bilgisayarlarin yuksek ogretimde bir egitim araci olarak kullanimina iliskin akademisyen tutumlarinin olculmesi amaciyla standart karsilastirmalara olanak saglayacak gecerli ve guvenilir bir olcegin gelistirilmesidir. Yontem: Denemelik maddelerin gelistirilme asamasinda bes uzman yargici katkida bulunmustur. Gelistirilen maddelerin yanitlayicilari dunya capinda 152 gonullu akademisyenden olusmaktadir. Olcegin gecerligine kanit olusturmak icin madde toplam test korelasyon katsayilari SPSS16.0 kullanilarak hesaplanmistir. Orneklem yeterliginin olculmesi icin Kaiser-Meyer Olkin katsayisi hesaplanmis, maddelerin faktor yuklerinin hesaplanmasi icin ise temel bilesenler analizi yapilmistir. Faktorlerin faktor yapilarina uygunlugunu sinamak amaciyla Dogrulayici Faktor Analizi yapilmistir. Olcegin guvenirliginin olculmesi icin Cronbach Alpha katsayisi hesaplanmistir.    Bulgular: Madde analizi sonucunda 20 maddelik, toplam varyansin yuzde 71.85’ini aciklayan ve Eigen degerleri 14.286, 2.378 ve 2.019 olan 3 faktorlu bir olcek elde edilmistir. Madde gecerlik duzeyleri .43 ile .65 arasinda degismektedir. Olcegin ic tutarlik katsayisi .88’dir.   Sonuclar ve Oneriler: Sonuclar, ulke ya da kurum bazinda koklu kararlar almadan once, tablet kullanimina iliskin tutumlarin gecerli ve guvenilir bir sekilde olculebilmesini saglayacak bir olcek ortaya koymustur. Gelistirilen olcegin, ulusal ya da uluslararasi duzeyde akademisyen tutumlarinin olculmesinde ve standart karsilastirmalarin yapilmasinda buyuk olcekli kullanimi onerilebilir.

https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/626535

Tablet Use in Teaching: A Study on Developing an Attitude Scale for Academics

In this paper we present our experience using Tablet PC to support the pedagogical needs of the engineering classroom as well as typical engineering group collaborative environments. We applied this novel active and collaborative learning framework to undergraduate students from a Fundamental Database course in order to analyze the role of pedagogical use of Tablet PC. Then, this educational test was satisfactorily received by students and conclusions deal with getting student assessment about their experiences in this experimental course and promoting use of next-generation pedagogical collaborative learning applications using Tablet PC as a presentation.

Pedagogical Use of Tablet PC for Active and Collaborative Learning

In recent years, Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanisms to improve the performance of TCP/IP networks have acquired a relevant role. In this paper, we present a simple and robust RED-type algorithm together with a couple of dynamical variants with the ability to adapt to the specific characteristics of different network environments, as well as to the user’s needs. We first present a basic version called Beta RED (BetaRED), where the parameters can be tuned according to the specific network conditions. The aim is to introduce control parameters that are easy to interpret and provide a good performance over a wide range of values. Secondly, BetaRED is used as a framework to design two dynamic algorithms, which we will call Adaptive Beta RED (ABetaRED) and Dynamic Beta RED (DBetaRED). In those new algorithms, certain parameters are dynamically adjusted so that the queue length remains stable around a predetermined reference value and according to changing network traffic conditions. Finally, we present a battery of simulations using the Network Simulator 3 (ns-3) software with a two-fold objective: to guide the user on how to adjust the parameters of the BetaRED mechanism, and to show a performance comparison of ABetaRED and DBetaRED with other representative algorithms that pursue a similar objective.

/pdf/new-red-type-tcp-aqm-algorithms-based-on-beta-distribution-3sk64jot.pdf

New RED-type TCP-AQM algorithms based on beta distribution drop functions

Competencias en la formación universitaria de periodistas a través de nuevas tecnologías

The Domain Name System (DNS) was the major milestone in the Internet between the advent of the IP/TCP, internet, and the web. Any Internet user gets a glimpse of it every time they see a URL. What is perhaps less realized is how much the creation of the DNS enabled development and evolution of the Internet and Internet applications such as the World Wide Web (Web) - something that has become manifestly clear to us through our several decades of research on the origins of the Internet. The following contribution to the history of DNS consists of descriptions by Paul Mockapetris, Mike Roberts, Vint Cerf, Steve Crocker, and Tin Wee Tan. The authors outline how the aforementioned experienced the origins of the governance of DNS and expansion of the TLD space and sketch the DNS' origin and evolution. Origin refers to its history up to the time when the first machines came to rely on it as a production system, roughly 1986. The evolution phase takes us to the current decade. Also covered are DNS security issues and the internationalization of the DNS, which created a big movement to drive the change of the DNS to the next level. The DNS absolutely changed the development of the Internet and its evolution continues. As the inventor Mockapetris has said about the origin of DNS, "I built the first floor and maybe the second floor and then people came along and added about 20 more floors."

Origins of the Domain Name System

The Internet is a so complex nonlinear network that many results show how the data flow exhibits chaotic attributes and the fractal nature of aggregate TCP/IP traffic. In this work, we study a new model of Random Early Detection (RED) using beta distribution configured by tuning decisions of dropping or accepting packets so that the queue occupancy level is kept at a given target level, thereby eliminating aggressive fluctuations of buffer underflow and overflow. Our proposed model programmed with Python incorporates new parameters (α, β) that make it possible to stabilize oscillations of averaged router queue length and to be close to the stationary state. We present study and numerical analysis from the same perspective of former studies for congestion control.

Oscar Martínez Bonastre

Papers

Pedagogical Use of Tablet PC for Active and Collaborative Learning

New RED-type TCP-AQM algorithms based on beta distribution drop functions

Competencias en la formación universitaria de periodistas a través de nuevas tecnologías

Origins of the Domain Name System

Stabilizing Chaotic Behavior of RED