Winner of the Modern Language Association's Katherine Singer Kovacs Prize."The Darker Side of the Renaissance "weaves together literature, semiotics, history, historiography, cartography, geography, and cultural theory to examine the role of language in the colonization of the New World.Walter D. Mignolo locates the privileging of European forms of literacy at the heart of New World colonization. He examines how alphabetic writing is linked with the exercise of power, what role "the book" has played in colonial relations, and the many connections between writing, social organization, and political control. It has long been acknowledged that Amerindians were at a disadvantage in facing European invaders because native cultures did not employ the same kind of texts (hence "knowledge") that were validated by the Europeans. Yet no study until this one has so thoroughly analyzed either the process or the implications of conquest and destruction through sign systems.Starting with the contrasts between Amerindian and European writing systems, Mignolo moves through such topics as the development of Spanish grammar, the different understandings of the book as object and text, principles of genre in history-writing, and an analysis of linguistic descriptions and mapping techniques in relation to the construction of territoriality and understandings of cultural space."The Darker Side of the Renaissance" will significantly challenge commonplace understandings of New World history. More importantly, it will continue to stimulate and provide models for new colonial and post-colonial scholarship.." . . a contribution to Renaissance studies of the first order. The field will have to reckon with it for years to come, for it will unquestionably become the point of departure for discussion not only on the foundations and achievements of the Renaissance but also on the effects and influences on colonized cultures." -- "Journal of Hispanic/ Latino Theology"Walter D. Mignolo is Professor in the Department of Romance Studies and the Program in Literature, Duke University.

The darker side of the Renaissance: literacy, terrotoriality, and colonization

List of tables List of maps Preface Orthographic conventions List of abbreviations 1. Introduction 2. The Chibcha sphere 3. The Inca sphere 4. The languages of the eastern slopes 5. The Araucanian sphere 6. The languages of Tierra del Fuego 7. The Spanish presence Appendix: inventory of languages and language families of the Andean region References Author index Index of languages and ethnic groups Subject index.

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The Languages of the Andes

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Language endangerment and language documentation in Africa

This book provides an in-depth and comprehensive state-of-the-art study of African languages and language in Africa since its beginnings as a colonial science at the turn of the twentieth century in Europe.

African Linguistics in the Americas, Asia and Australia.

There is no need to repeat earlier complaints that the historiography of missionary linguistics was being neglected, since the situation has changed considerably sine the last decades of the past century. The first decade of the 21st century in particular has witnessed a veritable explosion of research activities. This article surveys the state of the art in the field of recent work in the historiographical subfield called ‘Missionary linguistics’, covering the period 2002–2012. It represents an update of Zimmermann (2004) and provides separate sections devoted to earlier studies of missionary linguistics, international conferences, published volumes, journals, reprints and editions of primary sources, exhibitions and other activities related to the subject. The reference list is divided in two sections, (1) primary sources, with some 140 entries, and (2) secondary sources, including more than 300 titles. It is hoped that this account will suggest several additional research topics and inspire scholars to make further advances in this fascinating field of research.

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The Historiography of Missionary Linguistics: Present state and further research opportunities

From the 16th century onwards, Europeans encountered languages in the Americas, Africa, and Asia which were radically different from any of the languages of the Old World. Missionaries were in the forefront of this encounter: in order to speak to potential converts, they needed to learn local languages. A great wealth of missionary grammars survives from the 16th century onwards. Some of these are precious records of the languages they document, and all of them witness their authors’ attempts to develop the methods of grammatical description with which they were familiar, to accommodate dramatically new linguistic features.This book is the first monograph covering the whole Portuguese grammatical tradition outside Portugal. Its aim is to provide an integrated description, analysis and evaluation of the missionary grammars which were written in Portuguese. Between them, these grammars covered a huge range of languages: in Asia, Tamil, four Indo-Aryan languages and Japanese; in Brazil, Kipea and Tupinamba; in Africa and the African diaspora, Kimbundu and Sena (from the modern Angola and Mozambique respectively).Each text is placed in its historical context, and its linguistic context is analyzed, with particular attention to orthography, the parts of speech system, morphology and syntax. Whenever possible, pedagogical features of the grammars are discussed, together with their treatment of language variation and pragmatics, and the evidence they provide for the missionaries’ attitude towards the languages they studied.

Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800

Otto ZWARTJES: Introduccion y presentacion. I. Gramaticas de lenguas mesoamericanas. Carlos HERNANDEZ SACRISTAN: Los relatores discursivos en el "Arte de la Lengua Mexicana" de H. Carochi. Thomas C. SMITH STARK: Rincon y Carochi: la tradicion jesuitica de descripcion del nahuatl. Jose Luis SUAREZ ROCA: Tradicion e innovacion en la descripcion de la lengua nahuatl. Yolanda LASTRA: El arte de la lengua otomi de fray Pedro de Carceres. Cristina MONZON: La influencia del espanol en la conjugacion. La Nueva Espana en el periodo de 1547 a 1574. II. Lenguas amerindias de la America del Sur. Julio CALVO PEREZ: Las gramaticas del Siglo de Oro quechua: originalidad y diversidad. Otto ZWARTJES: Modo, tiempo y aspecto en las gramaticas de las lenguas mapuche, millcayac, y guarani de Luis de Valdivia y Antonio Ruiz de Montoya: La categoria de los "tiempos mixtos". III. Epilogo. Lucia BINOTTI: "La lengua companera del imperio". Observaciones sobre el desarollo de un discurso de colonialismo linguistico en el renacimiento espanol. Colaboran. Lista de ilustraciones. Index rerum. Index nominum. Indice de terminos gramaticales y linguisticos.

Las gramáticas misioneras de tradición hispánica (siglos XVI-XVII)

SUMMARYThe paper explores three grammars of two indigenous languages of Brazil written in Portuguese during the colonial period: two grammars of the Tupi language composed by Jose Anchieta (1534–1597) in 1595 and Luis Figueira (1575–1643) in 1621 (2nd ed., 1687), and one grammar of the Kiriri language, written by Luis Vincencio Mamiani (1652–1730) in 1699. Although most studies agree that these grammars were based on a Latin framework, they usually do not specify which grammar in particular served as a model. It is known, however, that the Latin grammar by Manuel Alvares (1526–1582), first published in 1572, became the main Latin school grammar for Jesuits all over the world. This article tries to give answers to questions such as why did the Jesuits favour this grammar, which grammars were used by them before 1572, how did the Portuguese missionaries in Brazil adapt or copy Alvares’ model, which parts of speech did they particularly use, and which definitions did they select and which elements did they discuss, add or omit? RESUMECet article etudie trois grammaires de deux langues indigenes du Bresil ecrites en portugais durant l’epoque coloniale: deux grammaires de la langue des Tupi ont ete composees par Anchieta (1534–1597) en 1595 et Luis Figueira (1575–1643) en 1621 (2e ed. en 1687) et une grammaire de la langue des Kiriri, ecrite par Luis Vincencio Mamiani (1652–1730) en 1699. Bien que la plupart des etudes s’accordent pour dire que ces grammaires etaient fondees sur des structures latines, d’habitude elles ne fournissaient davantage de details quant aux sources possibles. La grammaire latine de Manuel Alvares (1526–1582) fut publiee en 1572 pour la premiere fois et devint la grammaire scolaire latine des Jesuites dans le monde entier. Cet article tente d’apporter une reponse aux questions suivantes: pourquoi avaient-ils choisi cette grammaire, quelles grammaires etaient utilisees avant 1572, comment les missionnaires portugais au Bresil ont-ils adapte ou copie le modele des Alvares, dans quelle mesure cette grammaire a-t-elle ete particulierement utilisee, quelles definitions ont-ils choisi et de quels elements ont-ils discute, et lesquels a-t-on ajoute ou omis? ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn dem Beitrag werden drei Grammtiken der Kolonialzeit analysiert, welche zwei Eingeborenensprachen Brasiliens beschreiben: zwei Grammatiken des Tupi, eine 1595 von Jose Anchieta (1534–1597) verfaste und eine 1621 von Luis Figueira redigierte (2. Aufl., 1687), sowie eine Grammatik des Kiriri, die Luis Vincencio Mamiani (1652–1730) 1699 erstellt hat. Auch wenn man ublicherweise davon ausgeht, das diese Grammatiken auf dem Gedankengut lateinischer Grammatiken basieren, so wird doch nie prazisiert, welche lateinische Grammatik konkret als Modell gedient hat. Man weis allerdings auch, das die lateinische Grammatik von Manuel Alvares (1526–1582), welche 1572 zum erstenmal erschien, zur Standardgrammatik der Jesuiten in der ganzen Welt wurde. In diesem Beitrag wird versucht, Fragen zu beantworten wie: Warum favorisierten die Jesuiten diese Grammatik? Welche Grammatiken wurden von ihnen vor 1572 benutzt? Wie haben die Jesuiten Brasiliens die Grammatik von Alvares adaptiert bzw. kopiert? Welche Redeteile waren von besonderer Wichtigkeit fur sie, welche Definitionen wahlten sie aus und welche Details diskutierten sie vorrangig, bzw. welche erganzten sie oder liesen sie ganz weg?

The description of the indigenous languages of Portuguese America by the Jesuits during the colonial period the impact of the Latin grammar of manuel Álvares

The Missionaries' contribution to translation studies in the Spanish colonial period. The 'mise en page' of translated texts and its functions in foreign language teaching

Otto Zwartjes

Papers

Portuguese Missionary Grammars in Asia, Africa and Brazil, 1550-1800

The Historiography of Missionary Linguistics: Present state and further research opportunities

Las gramáticas misioneras de tradición hispánica (siglos XVI-XVII)

The description of the indigenous languages of Portuguese America by the Jesuits during the colonial period the impact of the Latin grammar of manuel Álvares

The Missionaries' contribution to translation studies in the Spanish colonial period. The 'mise en page' of translated texts and its functions in foreign language teaching