抗原变异可使得多种致病微生物易于逃避宿主免疫应答。表达在感染红细胞表面的恶性疟原虫红细胞表面蛋白1（PfPMP1）与感染红细胞、内皮细胞、树突状细胞以及胎盘的单个或多个受体作用，在黏附及免疫逃避中起关键的作用。每个单倍体基因组var基因家族编码约60种成员，通过启动转录不同的var基因变异体为抗原变异提供了分子基础。

疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A

: The unpolarized absorption and circular dichroism spectra of the fundamental vibrational transitions of the chiral molecule, 4-methyl-2-oxetanone, are calculated ab initio. Harmonic force fields are obtained using Density Functional Theory (DFT), MP2, and SCF methodologies and a 5S4P2D/3S2P (TZ2P) basis set. DFT calculations use the Local Spin Density Approximation (LSDA), BLYP, and Becke3LYP (B3LYP) density functionals. Mid-IR spectra predicted using LSDA, BLYP, and B3LYP force fields are of significantly different quality, the B3LYP force field yielding spectra in clearly superior, and overall excellent, agreement with experiment. The MP2 force field yields spectra in slightly worse agreement with experiment than the B3LYP force field. The SCF force field yields spectra in poor agreement with experiment.The basis set dependence of B3LYP force fields is also explored: the 6-31G* and TZ2P basis sets give very similar results while the 3-21G basis set yields spectra in substantially worse agreements with experiment. jg

Ab initio calculation of vibrational absorption and circular dichroism spectra using density functional force fields

https://www.chem.ccu.edu.tw/~joyce/referance/ericyang/Coord.%20Chem.%20Rev/Coord.%20Chem.%20Rev.%202004,%20248,%202337-2364.pdf

Copper in cross-coupling reactions: The post-Ullmann chemistry

Metal-catalyzed carbon-sulfur bond formation.

A rotationally hindered and thus stereogenic biaryl axis is the structurally and stereochemically decisive element of a steadily growing number of natural products, chiral auxiliaries, and catalysts. Thus, it is not surprising that significant advances have been made in the asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral biaryl compounds over the past decade. In addition to the classic approach (direct stereoselective aryl-aryl coupling), innovative concepts have been developed in which the asymmetric information is introduced into a preformed, but achiral-that is, symmetric or configurationally labile-biaryl compound, or in which an aryl--C single bond is stereoselectively transformed into an axis. This Review classifies these strategies according to their underlying concepts and critically evaluates their scope and limitations with reference to selected model reactions and applications. Furthermore, the preconditions required for the existence of axial chirality in biaryl compounds are discussed.

Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral Biaryl Compounds

Atropisomerically pure (S)-4-phenyl-4,5-dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c;1′,2′-e]phosphepine 2b has been obtained by resolution of the racemic compound with an enantiopure palladium complex and its absolute configuration has been determined by X-ray analysis; it is an effective chiral ligand for the asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene with rhodium catalysts.

Novel atropisomeric phosphorus ligands : 4,5-dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c;1',2'-e]phosphepine derivatives

The role of sulfur functionalities in activating and directing olefins in cycloaddition reactions

A practical preparation of enantiomerically pure 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol (1) and 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-dithiol (2) is reported. Enantiopure 2 is obtained from enantiopure 1 via Newman-Kwart rearrangement of the thiocarbamoyl derivative 5 under controlled reaction conditions. The enantiopure starting diol 1 was obtained by a simple and inexpensive method engaging condensation of thiophosphoryl chloride and (S)-(-)-α-methylbenzylamine in pyridine and reaction of the resulting phosphoramidate 3 with racemic binaphthol 1 to give quantitatively a 1:1 mixture of diastereoisomers 4 that were cleanly separated by a single recrystallization from a chloroform-ethanol mixture in very high yield

Ottorino De Lucchi

Papers

Novel atropisomeric phosphorus ligands : 4,5-dihydro-3H-dinaphtho[2,1-c;1',2'-e]phosphepine derivatives

The role of sulfur functionalities in activating and directing olefins in cycloaddition reactions

Preparation of enantiomerically pure 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diol and 1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-dithiol

Acetylene equivalents in cycloaddition reactions

Gas hosting in enantiopure self-assembled oximes.