This major work of academic reference provides a comprehensive overview of the development of western political thought during the European Enlightenment. Written by a distinguished team of international contributors, this Cambridge History is the latest in a sequence of volumes that is now firmly established as the principal reference source for the history of political thought. Every major theme in eighteenth-century political thought is covered in a series of essays at once scholarly and accessible, and the essays are complemented by extensive guides for further reading, and brief biographical notes of the major characters in the text, including Rousseau, Montesquieu and David Hume. Of interest and relevance to students and scholars of politics and history at all levels from beginning undergraduate upwards, this volume chronicles one of the most exciting and rewarding of all periods in the development of western thinking about politics, man (and increasingly woman), and society.

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The Cambridge history of eighteenth-century political thought

Ancestral fault is a core idea of Greek literature. 'The guiltless will pay for the deeds later: either the man's children, or his descendants thereafter', said Solon in the sixth century BC, a statement echoed throughout the rest of antiquity. This notion lies at the heart of ancient Greek thinking on theodicy, inheritance and privilege, the meaning of suffering, the links between wealth and morality, individual responsibility, the bonds that unite generations and the grand movements of history. From Homer to Proclus, it played a major role in some of the most critical and pressing reflections of Greek culture on divinity, society and knowledge. The burning modern preoccupation with collective responsibility across generations has a long, deep antecedent in classical Greek literature and its reception. This book retraces the trajectories of Greek ancestral fault and the varieties of its expression through the many genres and centuries where it is found.

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Ancestral Fault in Ancient Greece

Introduction: Dialectic of Enlightenment: Ecstasy to Piety to Moralism

This article examines the portrayal of frontier conflict in American writer, Cormac McCarthy's 1985 novel, Blood Meridian, or the Evening Redness in the West. It argues that McCarthy's work is one of the most profound American literary meditations ever composed on the subject of irregular conflict. The article traces the novel's literary antecedents and historical background and analyses its use of language, its structural narrative, and its lyrical descriptions of bloodshed and extreme guerrilla violence on the Texas–Mexican frontier in the mid nineteenth century. Particular attention is paid to McCarthy's development of a philosophy of war, which is related to the Counter-Enlightenment ideas of Joseph de Maistre and Friedrich Nietzsche. It is suggested that McCarthy employs the experience of irregular conflict on the American frontier as a philosophical lens to articulate the idea of war as a form of divination – an approach that is based on a mixture of Maistre's theory of redemptive violence and Nietz...

American irregular: frontier conflict and the philosophy of war in Cormac McCarthy's Blood Meridian, or The Evening Redness in the West

This article deals with the counter-Enlightenment in the works of Joseph de Maistre, Juan Donoso Cortes and Carl Schmitt. Political theology is in this context the assertion of a direct and inevitable connection between religion and politics. Secularism has therefore meant a decline in political authority and sovereignty. The purpose of the article is to explore counter-enlightenment arguments in two early works of Carl Schmitt: Politische Romantik and Romischer Katholizismus und politischer Form. One of the arguments of the article is that the counter-Enlightenment has had three main waves or generations and that each has had to deal with an ever more embedded secularization. Going from the first (Maistre) to the second generation (Cortes), a re-theologization of politics is no longer possible. This is the political challenge that Schmitt as representative for the third generation tries and ultimately fails to meet due to the strength of both secularization and his analysis of it.

A world without substance

A Modern Maistre provides the first general account of the social and political thought of Joseph de Maistre (1753-1821), a founding author of Continental conservative philosophy. Commonly repudiated or ignored as an inconsistent and retrograde extremist, Maistre emerges on closer consideration as a subtle social theorist and a shaping force in modern intellectual history. Through his decisive effect upon Comte and Baudelaire, Maistre's influence far exceeds the narrow conservatism with which he is usually associated. Indeed, his critique of the Enlightenment bears an uncanny resemblance to central claims of postmodernist thought. The guiding thread of Owen Bradley's analysis is Maistre's theory of sacrifice, a comparativist study of the ritualization of human barbarity in religious practices, punishments, wars, and revolutions. Against the Enlightenment, Maistre insisted upon the central and inevitable place of violence and irrationality in human experience, a dark view of humanity that anticipates the doubts of the twentieth century. His central concern was how human disorder is shaped, limited, and managed by ritualized behaviors and symbolic forms. As Bradley demonstrates, Maistre was less an extremist obsessed with excess and paradox than an important theorist of excessive and paradoxical situations. The Maistre who emerges from this study is a far more nuanced, compelling, and modern author than has been previously imagined.

A Modern Maistre: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre

We introduce methodologies for highly scalable quantum Monte Carlo simulations of electron-phonon models, and we report benchmark results for the Holstein model on the square lattice. The determinant quantum Monte Carlo (DQMC) method is a widely used tool for simulating simple electron-phonon models at finite temperatures, but it incurs a computational cost that scales cubically with system size. Alternatively, near-linear scaling with system size can be achieved with the hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) method and an integral representation of the Fermion determinant. Here, we introduce a collection of methodologies that make such simulations even faster. To combat "stiffness" arising from the bosonic action, we review how Fourier acceleration can be combined with time-step splitting. To overcome phonon sampling barriers associated with strongly bound bipolaron formation, we design global Monte Carlo updates that approximately respect particle-hole symmetry. To accelerate the iterative linear solver, we introduce a preconditioner that becomes exact in the adiabatic limit of infinite atomic mass. Finally, we demonstrate how stochastic measurements can be accelerated using fast Fourier transforms. These methods are all complementary and, combined, may produce multiple orders of magnitude speedup, depending on model details.

Fast and scalable quantum Monte Carlo simulations of electron-phonon models.

We present a method to facilitate Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble given a target mean particle number. The method imposes a fictitious dynamics on the chemical potential, to be run concurrently with the Monte Carlo sampling of the physical system. Corrections to the chemical potential are made according to time-averaged estimates of the mean and variance of the particle number, with the latter being proportional to thermodynamic compressibility. We perform a variety of tests, and in all cases find rapid convergence of the chemical potential-inexactness of the tuning algorithm contributes only a minor part of the total measurement error for realistic simulations.

Dynamical tuning of the chemical potential to achieve a target particle number in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations.

The Holstein model is a paradigmatic description of the electron-phonon interaction, in which electrons couple to local dispersionless phonon modes, independent of momentum. The model has been shown to host a variety of ordered ground states such as charge density wave (CDW) order and superconductivity on several geometries, including the square, honeycomb, and Lieb lattices. In this work, we study CDW formation in the Holstein model on the kagome lattice, using a recently developed hybrid Monte Carlo simulation method. We present evidence for $\sqrt{3} \times \sqrt{3}$ CDW order at an average electron filling of $\langle n \rangle =2/3$ per site, with an ordering wavevector at the $K$-points of the Brillouin zone. We estimate a phase transition occurring at $T_{c}\approx t/18$, where $t$ is the nearest-neighbor hopping parameter. Our simulations find no signature of CDW order at other electron fillings or ordering momenta for temperatures $T \geq t/20$. 

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Charge order in the kagome lattice Holstein model: a hybrid Monte Carlo study

We use strong coupling expansions to calculate the entropy function $S(T,h)$, the magnetization $M(T,h)$, and the double occupancy factor $D(T,h)$ for the half-filled triangular lattice Hubbard model as a function of temperature $T$ and Zeeman field $h$, for various values of the Hubbard parameter ratio $U/t$. These calculations converge well for temperatures larger than the exchange parameter $J=\frac{4t^2}{U}$ for moderate to large $U/t$ values. Setting $\mu=U/2$ suffices to obtain the density of half filling within a fraction of one percent at all temperatures studied for $U/t \geq 8$. We discuss the systematic variation of properties with $U/t$. The temperature dependence of entropy and the double occupancy parameter shows a mapping to an antiferromagnetic Mott insulating behavior at temperatures well above $T=J$ for $U/t\ge 10$. Convergence of the series is weaker at intermediate fields implying non-monotonic variation of spin-correlations with the Zeeman field. We discuss the relevance of the Hubbard model results to the triangular-lattice antiferromagnetic materials Lu$_3$Cu$_2$Sb$_3$O$_{14} $ (LCSO) studied recently by Yang et al [Yang et al arXiv:2102.09271 (2022)].

Owen Bradley

Papers

A Modern Maistre: The Social and Political Thought of Joseph de Maistre

Fast and scalable quantum Monte Carlo simulations of electron-phonon models.

Dynamical tuning of the chemical potential to achieve a target particle number in grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations.

Charge order in the kagome lattice Holstein model: a hybrid Monte Carlo study

High-temperature magnetization and entropy of the triangular lattice Hubbard model in a Zeeman field