Energetic material is a very essential company of compounds, widely used in various fields, primarily in the military industry and space technologies. These compounds are unique in that they are capable of instantly decomposing to release enormous energy. The chemical diversity of energetic organic compounds is constantly increasing through the combination of various high-nitrogen frameworks and explosophoric groups, which follows the overall trend of increasing interest in their chemistry and applications. The scientific community is constantly looking for more powerful and less sensitive to external impulses energetic compounds for both military and civilian use. Herein, a detailed overview regarding classic and novel explosophoric groups and various frameworks, as well as a description of the selected synthesis for the target compounds, has been given for the time period since 2010. The physical properties and performances of benchmark and prospective compounds are also collected.

Recent Synthetic Efforts towards High Energy Density Materials: How to Design High-Performance Energetic Structures?

Recent synthetic efforts towards high energy density materials: How to design high-performance energetic structures?

In recent years, the development of novel advanced high-energy density materials has significantly shifted toward nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivatives, which demonstrate a great potential for multipurpose application patterns. Among known heterocycles hydroxytetrazole is of special importance due to its high nitrogen-oxygen content and a possibility to serve as anion counterpart and to form a diverse array of organic and inorganic energetic salts. In this review, we summarized the main achievements on the synthesis and performance of hydroxytetrazole-based energetic materials. Potential applications of the presented high-energy compounds and their environmental compatibility are especially emphasized.

High-energy hydroxytetrazoles: Design, synthesis and performance

[1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3-b]pyridazine as a building block towards low-sensitivity high-energy materials

Advances in visible-light-mediated energy transfer (EnT) catalysis have created a unique strategy for small-molecule activation and new chemical bond formation in organic synthesis. In particular, open-shell nitrogen reactive intermediates have emerged as versatile synthons for various cross-coupling reactions and the construction of N-heterocycles. Visible-light-induced EnT catalysis produced N-radicals and nitrenes based on their parent chemical structure disconnections. In this review, we highlight the key contributions in the field with an emphasis on the studies that have generated and utilized N-centered intermediates, and provide mechanistic insights on these photocatalytic processes.

Advances in N-centered intermediates by energy transfer photocatalysis

The properties of catenated nitrogen molecules, molecules containing internal chains of bonded nitrogen atoms, is of fundamental scientific interest in chemical structure and bonding, as nitrogen i...

Owen T. O’Sullivan

Papers

Properties and Promise of Catenated Nitrogen Systems As High-Energy-Density Materials