http://foresight.ifmo.ru/ict/shared/files/201312/1_191.pdf

Modelling information flow for organisations: A review of approaches and future challenges

Highlights? An approach for analysing user participation is presented. ? Network structure is modelled as a hypergraph of participants and activities. ? Network behaviour is assessed using decision, work and communication factors. ? A case study of micro-engineering task groups is used to evaluate the approach. User participation (UP) means activities that individuals perform for processes to develop systems or to act collectively and is an important factor for gaining user commitment and minimising user resistance. This is due to the ability of UP to shape the structure and behaviour of organisations through leveraged user expertise, minimised redundant processes and improved understanding of systems.Grounded on social network analysis and UP research, this article proposes a mathematical model for analysing UP in 'organisations as networks'. The model identifies concepts for characterising network structures for UP and introduces indicators for assessing the network behaviour of human participants within organisations. The article concludes by discussing implications for researchers and practitioners, and limitations of the proposed model.

Modelling user participation in organisations as networks

A general evolutionary design theory is presented which incorporates variation processes and selection processes to design fluid/thermal/chemical devices. A biologically consistent view of evolution splits the process into variation and selection. The variation process is quantitatively modeled using dynamic equations that govern structural changes. Steady-state and stability of design variation is related to growth and decay factors and environmental control parameters. The selection process is quantitatively modeled using nonequilibrium thermodynamics to indicate performance. Both structure and environment contribute to entropy production. This requires computational modeling of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, chemical diffusion, and reactions. Special cases of engineering design evolution are shown theoretically and with a numerical example. The theory could rectify the impact of engineered structures on the natural environment and provide a basis for designing machines with coupled physics.

Evolutionary Design Theory Using Dynamic Variation and Thermodynamic Selection

This paper addresses an integrated information mining techniques for broadcasting TV-news. This utilizes technique from the fields of acoustic, image, and video analysis, for information on news story title, newsman and scene identification. The goal is to construct a compact yet meaningful abstraction of broadcast TV-news, allowing users to browse through large amounts of data in a non-linear fashion with flexibility and efficiency. By adding acoustic analysis, a news program can be partitioned into news and commercial clips, with 90% accuracy on a data set of 400h TV-news recorded off the air from July 2005 to August 2006. By applying speaker identification and/or image detection techniques, each news stories can be segmented with a better accuracy of 95.92%. On-screen captions or subtitles are recognized by OCR techniques to produce the text title of each news stories. The extracted title words can be used to link or to navigate more related news contents on the WWW. In cooperation with facial and scene analysis and recognition techniques, OCR results can provide users with multimodal query on specific news stories. Some experimental results are presented and discussed for the system reliability, performance evaluation and comparison.

https://ir.nctu.edu.tw:443/bitstream/11536/8294/1/000257993700084.pdf

Constructing and application of multimedia TV-news archives

Causality is often measured by means of the correlation function. This function has been shown to be restrictive at best and false at worst. The accurate determination of causal relationships is part of the content of this work. To measure associations, strategies and methods other than simple correlation are required. In the rst part, signals of di ering natures are translated into a common domain, known in pattern recognition as feature space. This allows the determination of association over a large number of signals. In the second part, states within the mapping space are determined using clustering methods to form symbol sequences. In the last part of the thesis, interactions are determined using both symbol sequences and unsegmented feature vectors. Interactions are estimated based on the correlation function and directed trans-information, which is a generalisation of the correlation measure. All procedures are applied not only to synthetic data but also to signal recordings in a wide range of physiological conditions, such as CheyneStokes breathing and anaesthesia experiments. It is shown that Information Theory can lend tools to all three of the above steps. More speci cally, the concept of entropy (Mutual Information) is used in feature extraction, clustering and correlation computation. The performance and characteristics of the information theoretic tools are compared with other methods in all three parts. 3

Information dynamics in physiological control systems.

A model of the information flow in information processing organizations is presented. The purpose of the model, called an information tree, is to capture the essential information activities that occur as an organization performs its tasks. An information processing organization transforms requests (inputs) into responses (output) through a set of procedures or processing rules. Information trees model such transformations as changes in the information state vector of various entities in the organization. The information state vector is a dynamic quantity similar in concept to the state of a system. The information-tree model has several analytic uses. One of its most important uses is an an aid to reorganizing offices as new technology is introduced. In particular, there is a strong structural linkage between the information-tree model and the problem of optimal control of dynamic systems. The linkage is demonstrated by use of dynamic programming to solve the reorganization problem using the information tree model. >

P.A. Morris

Papers

Information tree: a model of information flow in complex organizations