物件導向軟體之架構(Object-Oriented Software Construction)探討

Objective measurement of test quality is one of the key issues in software testing. It has been a major research focus for the last two decades. Many test criteria have been proposed and studied for this purpose. Various kinds of rationales have been presented in support of one criterion or another. We survey the research work in this area. The notion of adequacy criteria is examined together with its role in software dynamic testing. A review of criteria classification is followed by a summary of the methods for comparison and assessment of criteria.

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Software unit test coverage and adequacy

Formal specifications contain a great deal of information that can be exploited in the testing of an implementation, either for the generation of test-cases, for sequencing the tests, or as an oracle in verifying the tests. This papers presents automatic techniques for partition analysis in state-based specifications, specifically VDM. Test domains for individual operations are calculated by reduction of their mathematical description to a Disjunctive Normal Form. Following this, a partition analysis of the system state can be performed which permits the construction of a Finite State Automaton from the specification. This, in turn, can be used to sequence the required tests in a valid and sensible way. A tool has been developed based on the techniques applied to VDM, which has been used to develop the examples presented in the paper.

Automating the Generation and Sequencing of Test Cases from Model-Based Specifications

Test templates and a test template framework are introduced as useful concepts in specification-based testing. The framework can be defined using any model-based specification notation and used to derive tests from model-based specifications-in this paper, it is demonstrated using the Z notation. The framework formally defines test data sets and their relation to the operations in a specification and to other test data sets, providing structure to the testing process. Flexibility is preserved, so that many testing strategies can be used. Important application areas of the framework are discussed, including refinement of test data, regression testing, and test oracles.

A framework for specification-based testing

Editors' introduction Introduction: science and pseudoscience 1. Falsification and the methodology of scientific research programmes 2. History of science and its rational reconstructions 3. Popper on demarcation and induction 4. Why did Copernicus's research programme supersede Ptolemy's? 5. Newton's effect on scientific standards References Lakatos bibliography Indexes.

科学研究纲领方法论 = The methodology of scientific research programmes

The relationship between specifications and testing is explored through considering what can legitimately be deduced about software given its performance on a number of test cases. Current approaches to test case construction are sketched, and then a number of alternative approaches to test theory are considered, namely, induction, statistical hypothesis testing, interpolation and extrapolation. This leads in the end to a formulation based on approximation theory.

Relationship between specifications and testing

Hypertext is data maintained as a network of interconnected discrete blocks of information. Hypertext systems are computer systems used to create and maintain hypertext databases and provide mechanisms for users to access the information. While the ideas behind hypertext are not new, the technology to make it effective is. The paper reviews hypertext systems and discusses in some detail the fundamental features of hypertext technology. Hypertext systems are compared with other information management systems, and some of the top-level design and implementation issues are introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of hypertext are discussed from the applications perspective and some issues relating to current research and future developments of the technology are presented.

P. A. V. Hall

Papers

Relationship between specifications and testing

Hypertext systems and applications