This paper reviews present knowledge about BERTHING/MOORING/ FENDERING/DEBERTHING, including forces, procedures and new developments in research and technology. Particular attention is paid to the use of winches installed on piers or quays for berthing and mooring. A practical illustration of its content by an AUDIO-VIDEO movie was given at the ASI.

Marine Terminal Technology. Winch Berthing and Mooring. Recent Developments

The demand for deepwater berths in more exposed sea territories has prompted the installation of still larger breakwaters with extreme ends located in up to about 30m depth and the main part of the breakwater located in depths exceeding 20 meters. It may sometimes be difficult to justify the cost of such breakwaters and may therefore pay to find a cheaper alternative. In specific cases it might be possible to avoid the use of a breakwater altogether in favor of a berth--a pier only. This article is devoted to examining key literature on mooring/fendering systems to arrive at some conclusions on improving such systems as an alternative to breakwaters.

P Bruun

Papers

Can we save on breakwaters by providing better mooring-fendering?