Evaluation of heat shock and salicylic acid treatments as inducers of drought stress tolerance in Hassawi wheat.

The interactive effects of salinity stress (0.90 MPa NaCl) and seeds presoaking in 100 ppm. nicotinamide (vitamin PP) in three sorghum cultivars (Dorado, Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113) were studied to examine their response to salinity stress and the possible role played by vitamin PP in regulating saltinduced changes in seedling growth, protein patterns and some relevant metabolic activities of these cultivars. According to the dry mass production and tissue water content, the cv. Dorado seemed to be more or less unaffected by salinity, whereas the cv. Giza 113, was severely reduced, the cv. Hagen Shandawil was almost intermediated. Consequently, carbohydrate and protein contents were increased in cv. Dorado and Hagen Shandawil, while the opposite occurred in cv. Giza 113. On the other hand, while proline content decreased in cv. Hagen Shandawil and Giza 113, it markedly increased in cv. Dorado as a result of salinity stress. Na / K ratio was higher in cv. Dorado than in cv. Giza 113. cv. Hagen Shandawil was intermediate. Treatment with vitamin PP was accompanied with higher values of saccharids and protein compared with the untreated seedlings, which partially alleviated the adverse effect of salinity on growth. This was linked with a marked variation in protein patterns among these cvs. Salinity stress led to the appearance of 67 and 26 kD (in cv. Dorado) and 45 kD (in cv. Hagen Shandawil). While in cv. Giza 113, no new band appeared. Seeds treated with vitamin PP lead to appearance of bands with 67 and 46 kD in cv. Dorado and 38, 26 and 18 kD in cv. Hagen Shandawil, while in cv. Giza 113, the 67 and 26 kD which had disappeared by salinity, they reappeared under the interactive effect of salinity and vitamin PP. This confirms the metabolic importance of the 67 and 26 kD proteins in salt tolerance.

Proteins, sugars and ion leakage as a selection criterion for the salt tolerance of three sorghum cultivars at seedling stage grown under nacl and nicotinamide

Salinity stress has negative effects on agricultural yield throughout the world, affecting production whether it is for subsistence or economic gain. This study investigates the inductive role of vitamin C and its application mode in mitigating the detrimental effects of irrigation with diluted (10, 20 and 30 %) NaCl + water on Silybum marianum L. plants. The results show that 10% of salt water exhibited insignificant changes, while the higher levels impaired growth by reducing seed germination, dry weights of shoot and root, water status and chlorophyll contents. However, irrigation with salt water enhanced carotenoids and antioxidant enzyme activities. The detrimental effects of salt water were ameliorated by application of 100 ppm ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The inductive role of vitamin was associated with the improvement of seed germination, growth, plant water status, carotenoids, endogenous ascorbic acid and antioxidant enzyme activities. Moreover, vitamin C alone or in combination with 30% NaCl water increased the intensity of protein bands as well as synthesized additional new proteins with molecular weights of 205, 87, 84, 65 and 45 kDa. This could increase tolerance mechanisms of treated plants towards water salinity.

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Exogenous ascorbic acid increases resistance to salt of Silybum marianum (L.)

A field experiment was carried out to study the response of presoaked faba bean seeds (Vicia faba cv. Misr 2) in freshly prepared ascorbic acid (50 ppm) or distilled water (control) for 4 hrs at natural environmental conditions, to salinity stress. NaCl treatments caused a reduction in all productivity and yield parameters as compared with control, particularly at high NaCl level (150 mM), whereas the number of pods per plant, fresh weight of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and fresh weight of seeds per pod were reduced. In the mean time, ascorbic acid had no effect on the yield parameters. Salinity stress increased the protein content of seeds to some extent. Ascorbic acid treatment to salinized plants remarkably increased the protein content. Also, seed alkaloids were increased with salinity stress, but the response was more pronounced at 100 mM NaCl whether alone or combined with ascorbic acid. The results revealed that protein pattern showed considerable effects of salinity stress on the protein bands. Application of ascorbic acid induced the synthesis and increased the intensity of the original protein bands and caused the appearance of additional new bands.

Effect of salinity stress on vicia faba productivity with respect to ascorbic acid treatment

The impact of the bio-fertilizer (humic acid, EM and yeast), organic fertilizer (cattle and chicken residues) and a combination of both on the growth and yield of Silybum marianum were studied. Plant height, number of branches, number of roots, root length and dry matter accumulation in plant organs significantly increased with the application of bio-fertilizer in combination with organic one. Both bio -fertilizers, organic fertilizer significantly affected the dry weight of herbs and root of Silybum marianumas compared with the control treatments. The plants treated with 10m 3 cattle ma- nure /fed plus EM or 10 m 3 Chicken manure showed significantly higher silymarin content in the second season as com- pared with the other bio , manure fertilization and control treatments . SDS-PAGE analysis of total cellular proteins was used for detecting changes in gene expression on dry seeds. The data showed no variation in protein pattern in terms of number of bands and their relative intensities among all the studied treatments .

P. Gopala Rao

Papers

Effect of B Vitamins on the Protein Component of Clusterbeans Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub