Since the phenomenon of cloud computing was proposed, there is an unceasing interest for research across the globe. Cloud computing has been seen as unitary of the technology that poses the next-generation computing revolution and rapidly becomes the hottest topic in the field of IT. This fast move towards Cloud computing has fuelled concerns on a fundamental point for the success of information systems, communication, virtualization, data availability and integrity, public auditing, scientific application, and information security. Therefore, cloud computing research has attracted tremendous interest in recent years. In this paper, we aim to precise the current open challenges and issues of Cloud computing. We have discussed the paper in three-fold: first we discuss the cloud computing architecture and the numerous services it offered. Secondly we highlight several security issues in cloud computing based on its service layer. Then we identify several open challenges from the Cloud computing adoption perspective and its future implications. Finally, we highlight the available platforms in the current era for cloud research and development.

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Cloud Computing Features, Issues, and Challenges: A Big Picture

Users derive many benefits by storing personal data in cloud computing services; however the drawback of storing data in these services is that the user cannot access his/her own data when an internet connection is not available. To solve this problem in an efficient and elegant way, we propose the cloud-dew architecture. Cloud-dew architecture is an extension of the client-server architecture. In the extension, servers are further classified into cloud servers and dew servers. The dew servers are web servers that reside on user's local computers and have a pluggable structure so that scripts and databases of websites can be installed easily. The cloud-dew architecture not only makes the personal data stored in the cloud continuously accessible by the user, but also enables a new application: web-surfing without an internet connection. An experimental system is presented to demonstrate the ideas of the cloud-dew architecture.

Cloud-dew architecture

The purpose of this paper is to explore the process of Cloud Computing adoption within Romanian Small and Medium sized Enterprises in the digital age. Most of the scientific papers related to this topic examine the general outlook of cloud computing implementation in Romania and focus on the use of the afore-mentioned technologies by large scale companies. In order to identify the factors that have an influence over the choice of Romanian SMEs to adopt cloud computing technology, a conceptual model has been set forth. The model’s dependent variable is the choice of the company’s management to implement cloud computing technologies. Five different independent types of variable structures which have an effect on the adoption of cloud computing within SMEs were identified. The five categories of variables are competition & government, ICT providers & firm departments, employee, manager and technological factors. Each of these categories of determinants encompasses at their turn two or more constructs.\n\n\nAn online survey tested the model based on the responses of managers and directors from 198 Romanian SMEs from the cities of Bucharest and Cluj. The validity of the model was performed by completing factor analysis and reliability tests of the data; a logistic regression analysis was deployed to test the research hypotheses. The results emphasized that the managers’ know-how on cloud computing and the perceived costs of implementing the technology represent the main components influencing the spreading of cloud computing among Romanian SMEs. This study makes a valuable contribution to the academic environment but to businesses as well. The model can be used to examine the implementation of different innovative applications. Companies which offer cloud computing services could take advantage of the outcomes of this study to expand the degree of cloud service introduction among SMEs.

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Determinants of cloud computing adoption by romanian smes in the digital economy

Cloud computing technology came up as a boon for libraries and is offering various opportunities for libraries to connect their services with clouds. The paper presents an overview of cloud computing and its possible applications that can be clubbed with library services on the web based environment. This study may be helpful in identifying and generating cloud based services for libraries.

http://www.ijidt.com/index.php/ijidt/article/download/3.4.9/pdf

Application of Cloud Computing in Libraries

Over the last years, interoperability among resources has been emerged as one of the most challenging research topics. However, the commonality of the complexity of the architectures (e.g., heterogeneity) and the targets that each computational paradigm including HPC, grids and clouds aims to achieve (e.g., flexibility) remain the same. This is to efficiently orchestrate resources in a distributed computing fashion by bridging the gap among local and remote participants. Initially, this is closely related with the scheduling concept which is one of the most important issues for designing a cooperative resource management system, especially in large scale settings such as in grids and clouds. Within this context, meta-scheduling offers additional functionalities in the area of interoperable resource management, this is because of its great agility to handle sudden variations and dynamic situations in user demands. Accordingly, the case of inter-infrastructures, including InterCloud, entitle that the decentralised meta-scheduling scheme overcome issues like consolidated administration management, bottleneck and local information exposition. In this work, we detail the fundamental issues for developing an effective interoperable meta-scheduler for e-infrastructures in general and InterCloud in particular. Finally, we describe a simulation and experimental configuration based on real grid workload traces to demonstrate the interoperable setting as well as provide experimental results as part of a strategic plan for integrating future meta-schedulers.

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Meta-scheduling issues in interoperable HPCs, grids and clouds

Cloud computing, a style of computing where scalable and elastic IT-related capabilities are provided as shared assorted services (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS, DaaS), metered by use, to customers using internet technologies built on top of diverse technologies like virtualisation, distributed computing, utility computing, and more recently networking, web infrastructure and software services. It represents a paradigm shift in how we think about our data, the role of our computing devices and on managing computing resources. Being an emerging service technology with promising novel and valuable capabilities it attracts industrial research community with main focus on standardisation and customised implementation in every segment of society. Cloud powered higher education institutions also gain significant flexibility and agility. This paper examines and discusses the concept of cloud computing from the perspectives of diverse technologists, services and models available, cloud standards, cloud in government, enterprises and higher education, along with opportunities, challenges and future implications.

Cloud computing: present status and future implications

Cloud computing has generated a lot of interest and competition in the IT industry. It has become a scalable services delivery platform in the field of services computing. The technical foundations of it include service-oriented architecture and virtualisations of hardware and software. The goal is to share resources among the cloud service consumers, cloud partners, and cloud vendors in the cloud value chain. The technology faces several significant challenges and the current research focuses on the technical issues that arise when building and providing clouds and the implications on enterprises and users. Structured along the technical aspects on the cloud programmes, we discuss associated technologies; advances in the introduction of protocols, interfaces, and standards; techniques for modelling and building clouds; and feasibility, testing and the future arising through cloud computing. Cloud computing is a huge leap orienting towards green computing, an environmentally sustainable forever computing with an enormous bright future.

Research challenges and potential green technological applications in cloud computing

Cloud computing is offering utility-oriented IT services to users world wide. The market for cloud computing services has continued to expand despite a general decline in economic activity in most of the world. It enables hosting of applications from consumer, scientific and business domains. However, data centres hosting cloud computing applications consume huge amounts of energy, contributing to high operational costs and carbon footprints to the environment. With energy shortages and global climate change leading our concerns these days, the power consumption of data centres has become a key issue. Therefore, we need green cloud computing solutions that cannot only save energy, but also reduce operational costs. The vision for energy efficient management of cloud computing environments is presented here. Cloud computing – either public, private or hybrid cloud – will become an increasingly important factor in green computing.

P. Sasikala

Papers

Cloud computing: present status and future implications

Research challenges and potential green technological applications in cloud computing

Energy efficiency in cloud computing: way towards green computing