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Methods of Biochemical Analysis.

Membrane-forming lipids of wild halophytes growing under the conditions of Prieltonie of South Russia.

This research work reports In vitro direct selection of salt-tolerant callus cultures and subsequent plant regeneration in two potato cultivars (Cardinal and Desiree). Results have shown more than 50% reduction in relative fresh callus mass in the two potato cultivars exposed to 120 mM NaCl. Callus morphology correspondingly changed from off-white to blackish- brown at 120 mM to acutely-necrotic at 140 mM NaCl. Regeneration potential of recurrently-selected callus cultures (100 mM NaCl-treated) on salt-free regeneration medium (MS + 2.64 µM NAA and 1.00 µM TDZ) was not much different as compared to the control (non-selected ones). Regenerated plants from salt-tolerant callus cultures of both the cultivars after selection were transferred to soil and organic matter (50:50, v/v) for acclimatization in the greenhouse. It was observed that the recurrently-selected plants had higher fresh/dry weight and number of tubers compared with the control ones in both the cultivars. Likewise the protein, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities have shown an increasing trend in salt-treated plants of both the cultivars. The results from this study highlighted a strong possibility for the selection of salt-tolerant callus lines of potato followed by an efficient plant regeneration and further acclimatization.

Plant regeneration from in vitro-selected salt tolerant callus cultures of solanum tuberosum l.

The article discusses the importance of halophytes and some salt tolerant plants in remediation of saline soils. Many crops cannot be grown on a salt affected land but nature has provided us with a unique group of plants that is, halophytes. Halophytes, plants that survive to reproduce in environments where the salt concentration is around 200 mM NaCl or more, constitute about 1% of the world’s flora. Some halophytes show optimal growth in saline conditions; others grow optimally in the absence of salt. However, the tolerance of all halophytes to salinity relies on controlled uptake and compartmentalization of Na+, K+ and Cl” and the synthesis of organic ‘compatible’ solutes, even where salt glands are operative. The cultivation of economically useful halophytes have potential to remediate saline wastelands and to meet the demands for fodder, fuel, etc from saline lands and thereby helping the faming community to improve livelihood.

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Halophytes for bio-saline agro-forestry and phyto-remediation of coastal saline lands

One of the major problems of adapting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) techniques is knowledge shortfall on the technical skills for processing quality seeds to achieve uniform seedling establishment in the nursery and quick seedling recovery in the puddled field. Therefore, this study aimed to create suitably seed sorting technique leading to vigorous and quality seedlings to improve potentiality of SRI nursery and reduce seedlings transplanting shock. It involved sorting of MR219 rice seeds the most popular grown variety in Malaysia in NaCl solutions of 0 g/L(water alone), 40 g/L, 60 g/L, 80 g/L, 100 g/L and 120 g/L, respectively. The experiment revealed that 100% germination after ten days was obtained from the sunken MR219 seeds collected in 80 g/L of NaCl solution. These values reported a decrease in germination (85%) with increasing NaCl concentration (120 g/L), with least germination vigor of 42% in water alone (0 g/L) 3 days. The percentage of sprouting proved to be high from the sunken seeds obtained in 80 g/L with 100% sprouting success rate. A decrease in percentage (70%) has been revealed with increasing NaCl concentration from the seeds obtained in 120 g/L and also when it was reduced to 40 g/L which reported 65% of the sprouting rate. Therefore, this technical information serves as benchmark to practicing farmers that high concentration in NaCl not only reduces the percentage of viable seeds but also increases seedling preparation cost as well as the entire production cost.

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Quality seed: an innovative sorting technique to sustainable, uniform and effective seedling establishment in nursery for system of rice intensification.

The effect of different concentration of NaCl (0-750 mM) salinity on growth, ion accumulation and enzyme activities were studied in a halophytic species of Suaeda nudiflora . The upper limit for the survival of this species at 750 mM NaCl and the optimum level for the better growth was 400 mM NaCl. Beyond, these concentrations the growth rate sharply declined Na + and Cl - ions increased with increasing salinity upto the extreme level of NaCl, on the other hand K + content decreasing with increasing salinity. The Ca 2+ content and Na + /K + ratio increased steadily with salinity. The accumulation of cat ions was greater in leaves then in stem and root. NaCl treatment stimulated the activities of ATPase upto the extreme salinity level. However, catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activities increased upto the optimal level and at higher concentrations showed decreasing trend. The changes of enzyme activities and their possible role in salt tolerance of Suaeda nudiflora have been studied.

Effect of Nacl on growth, ion accumulation and oxidative enzymes of Suaeda nudiflora moq.

The present work is based on the observation of seed germination in Excoecaria agallocha in different concentrations of NaCl. The seeds of Excoecaria agallocha were germinated in 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM NaCl concentrations. The germinating seedlings were observed after 15 th and 30 th day of NaCl treatment. It was observed that the germination percentage were decreased with increasing NaCl salinity. The maximum percentage (100%) of seed germination was recorded in fresh water and the minimum percentage (36%) of germination was observed in 200 mM NaCl concentration.

The effect of NaCl salinity on seed germination of Excoecaria agallocha L.

The present report is about the growth of the seedlings of Excoecaria agallocha in different concentration of NaCl. The observation shows that the accumulation of ions and organic components such as starch and protein increased with increasing salt concentration upto optimal level (200 mM NaCl) and decreased at higher concentration. Aminoacids and total sugar decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl upto optimal level and increased at higher concentrations. NaCl promoted chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis upto the optimal concentrations of 200 mM. The plant can able to tolerate upto 300 mM NaCl concentration but the optimal growth of the seedlings were observed in 200 mM NaCl concentrations.

The effect of salinity on organic components of Excoecaria agallocha L.

The effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on growth and organic components of Cressa cretica , has been made. Cressa cretica , could survive a wide range of NaCl (0-400 mM) salinity. The upper limit for the survival of seedlings to NaCl salinity was 400 mM. However, optimal growth responses by the seedlings were confirmed to 200 mM NaCl. There was depressed growth in the absence of salt and at extreme salinity. Under NaCl salinity accumulation of ions and organic components such as starch and protein increased with increasing salt concentrations upto optimal level and decreased at higher concentration. On the otherhand, free amino acid and total sugar decreased with increasing concentrations of NaCl upto optimal level and increased at higher concentration. The proline content increased with increasing concentration upto the extreme level of NaCl salinity.

Effect of sodium chloride on the seedlings of Cressa cretica L.

The present study shows the effect of salt stress in the over all development of Rhizophora apiculata. The parameters used in this study were changes in growth morphology, biochemical constituents and photosynthetic pigments. From the study it was observed that the growth parameters such as root and shoot length, fresh and dry weight increased with increasing concentrations upto 400 mM NaCl. The organic compounds such as aminoacids and total sugar decreased upto optimal level of 400 mM, but protein and starch increased upto the optimal level of 400 mM of NaCl salinity. The proline and glycine betaine increased upto the extreme level of 750 mM. So it is concluded that the photosynthetic pigments are upto the optimum concentration. S.Sivasankaramoorthy et al. Studies on the Effect of Salt Stress in rhizophora apiculata Bl.. J Phytol 3/1(2011) 13-17.

P. Sivaraman

Papers

Effect of Nacl on growth, ion accumulation and oxidative enzymes of Suaeda nudiflora moq.

The effect of NaCl salinity on seed germination of Excoecaria agallocha L.

The effect of salinity on organic components of Excoecaria agallocha L.

Effect of sodium chloride on the seedlings of Cressa cretica L.

Studies on the Effect of Salt Stress in rhizophora apiculata Bl.