A correlation of tectonic units of the Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic system of orogens, including the substrate of the Pannonian and Transylvanian basins, is presented in the form of a map. Combined with a series of crustal-scale cross sections this correlation of tectonic units yields a clearer picture of the three-dimensional architecture of this system of orogens that owes its considerable complexity to multiple overprinting of earlier by younger deformations.

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The Alpine-Carpathian-Dinaridic orogenic system: correlation and evolution of tectonic units

One - Printed Volume.- 1 The Mediterranean Area and the Surrounding Regions: Active Processes, Remnants of Former Tethyan Oceans and Related Thrustbelts.- Abstract.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 Mediterranean Fold-and-thrust Belts.- 1.3 Mediterranean Marine Basins.- 1.4 Geological-geophysical Baseline.- 1.4.1 Heat Flow.- 1.4.2 Crustal and Lithospheric Structure.- 1.4.3 Gravity.- 1.4.4 Magnetic Field.- 1.4.5 Seismicity.- 1.4.6 Geodetic Data.- 1.4.7 Stress Field.- 1.5 Global Dynamics and Active Processes Exemplified in the Mediterranean.- 1.5.1 Subduction of the Eastern Mediterranean Lithosphere beneath the Calabrian and Aegean.- 1.5.2 Rifting and Passive Margin Development in Back-arc Regions and Other MediterranRelated to Tectonic Wedges, Tilted Blocks and Sedimentary Loadingean Domains.- 1.5.3 Mud and Salt Diapirism (Eastern Mediterranean Ridge, Alboran Sea, Nile Delta).- 1.5.4 Sea-level Changes, Salinity Crisis, Flooding (Messinian Mediterranean versus Pleistocene Black Sea).- 1.6 Record of Ancient Dynamics of the Tethyan Oceans, Ophiolitic Sutures, Mantle Tomography versus Paleogeography of the Mediterranean Realm.- 1.6.1 Collisional vs. Intracontinental Thrust Belts and Oceanic Sutures.- 1.6.2 Plate Dynamics and Palinspastic Restorations: Demise of the Concept of a Single Tethys.- 1.6.3 Cenozoic Magmatism in the Mediterranean Region.- 1.7 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- 2 A Tomographic View on Western Mediterranean Geodynamics.- Abstract.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Global Tomography Model BS2000.- 2.3 Interpretation of Model BS2000 for the Western Mediterranean Mantle.- 2.3.1 Alps, Apennines, and the Western Mediterranean.- 2.3.2 The Betic-Rif and Alboran Region.- 2.4 Analysis: the Geodynamic Evolution of the Western Mediterranean.- 2.4.1 Tomographic Evidence for Slab Roll-back.- 2.4.2 Northern Apennines and Alpine-Tethys Subduction.- 2.4.3 Slab Detachment beneath the Central-southern Apennines.- 2.4.4 Calabria Subduction.- 2.4.5 The North African Margin.- 2.4.6 Betic-Rif and Alboran Region: I. Subduction and Roll-back of Predominantly Oceanic Lithosphere.- 2.4.7 Betic-Rif and Alboran Region: II. Development of Arc Geometry and Subduction Roll-back.- 2.4.8 Synthesis of Tomographic Constraints on the Geodynamic Evolution of the Western Mediterranean Region.- 2.5 Summary.- Acknowledgements.- Appendix 1 (CD-ROM).- Appendix 2 (CD-ROM).- 3 The TRANSMED Transects in Space and Time: Constraints on the Paleotectonic Evolution of the Mediterranean Domain.- Abstract.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 The Western Tethys Main Plate Tectonic Constraints.- 3.2.1 The East Mediterranean-Neotethys Connection.- 3.2.2 The Apulia-Adria Problem.- 3.3 The Geodynamic Evolution of Greater Apulia and Surrounding Regions.- 3.3.1 Paleotethys Evolution (Figs. 3.2-3.6).- 3.3.2 Cimmerian Events and Triassic Marginal Oceans (Figs. 3.6-3.9).- 3.3.3 The Jurassic Oceans: Alpine Tethys, Central Atlantic and Vardar (Figs. 3.8-3.11).- 3.3.4 The Cretaceous Oceans: North Atlantic and the Pyrenean Domain (Figs. 3.10-3.14).- 3.4 The TRANSMED Transects in Space and Time.- 3.4.1 Transects I-II-III West.- 3.4.2 Transects IV-V-VI.- 3.4.3 Transects III East, VII and VIII.- 3.5 Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- Appendix 3 (CD-ROM).- References: Preface, Chapters 1, 2 and 3.- References: CD-ROM.- Transect I: Iberian Meseta - Guadalquivir Basin - Betic Cordillera - Alboran Sea - Rif - Moroccan Meseta - High Atlas - Sahara Domain.- Transect II: Aquitaine Basin - Pyrenees - Ebro Basin - Catalan Coastal Ranges - Valencia Trough - Balearic Promontory - Algerian Basin - Kabylies - Atlas - Saharan Domain.- Transect III: Massif Central - Provence - Gulf of Lion - Provencal Basin - Sardinia - Tyrrhenian Basin - Southern Apennines - Apulia - Adriatic Sea - Albanian Dinarides - Balkans - Moesian Platform.- Transects IV, V and VI: The Alps and Their Forelands.- Transect VII: East European Craton - Scythian Platform - Dobrogea - Balkanides - Rhodope Massif - Hellenides - East Mediterranean - Cyrenaica.- Transect VIII: Eastern European Craton - Crimea - Black Sea - Anatolia C2014 Cyprus - Levant Sea - Sinai - Red Sea.

The transmed atlas : the mediterranean region from crust to mantle : geological and geophysical framework of the mediterranean and the surrounding areas

Geochemistry of the Jurassic Mirdita Ophiolite (Albania) and the MORB to SSZ evolution of a marginal basin oceanic crust

Suprasubduction zone ophiolite formation along the periphery of Mesozoic Gondwana

Orogenic architecture of the Mediterranean region and kinematic reconstruction of its tectonic evolution since the Triassic

In the eastern Mediterranean region the Albanian ophiolites are remnants of one branch of the Tethyan oceanic basin obducted on carbonate margins during the Mesozoic. Pressure, temperature, time, and structural data in the metamorphic soles of these ophiolites place new constraints on the closure of this basin and the emplacement history of oceanic rocks. The petrological and structural work documents an “apparently inverted metamorphic gradient” with granulite facies at the top, decreasing downward through amphibolite, then greenschist facies until unmetamorphosed rocks. Thermobarometry indicates that the granulite facies formed at peak temperatures of 800°–860°C for pressures close to 1 Gpa. These conditions point to the subduction of the ophiolites beneath young oceanic lithosphere to a depth of 30–40 km. A large set of 40Ar/39Ar data has been obtained on the metamorphic soles and some ophiolite intrusives using single grains and bulk mineral populations. Ages range from 160 to 174 Ma, corresponding to the middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Bathonian). Within the same sole the convergence of results using single grains and mineral populations of amphibole and muscovite and the lack of internal age gradient within muscovite are interpreted to result from fast cooling of metamorphic soles. The main result documented by this study is a systematic younging of metamorphic sole ages from south to north, with a difference of 14 Ma along the 140 km length of the belt. The age of igneous rocks, such as plagiogranites and mafic dikes in the ophiolites, is equivalent to that of metamorphic soles, which indicates that the ophiolite was still hot and young at the time of metamorphic sole formation. The emplacement of the Albanian ophiolites is the consequence of a complex tectonic evolution: continental rifting, slow mid-ocean spreading followed by west dipping intraoceanic subduction initiated at the ridge axis, symmetric intraoceanic thrusting with opposite vergence, and at last, emplacement onto the continental margin. The geochronological and stratigraphic data suggest that this evolution lasted only a few million years. Moreover, they indicate that this evolution stopped earlier to the south with the closure of a narrow basin than to the north, where the basin was wider due to faster oceanic spreading.

https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2000TC900024

P. Vergély

Papers

Metamorphic soles from the Albanian ophiolites: Petrology, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and geodynamic evolution