Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the protocol backing the core routing decisions on the Internet. It maintains a table of IP networks or 'prefixes' which designate network reachability among autonomous systems (AS). Point of concern in BGP is its lack of effective security measures which makes Internet vulnerable to different forms of attacks. Many solutions have been proposed till date to combat BGP security issues but not a single one is deployable in practical scenario. Any security proposal with optimal solution should offer adequate security functions, performance overhead and deployment cost. This paper critically analyzes the deployment issues of best three proposals considering trade-off between security functions and performance overhead.

Comparative analysis of

This study reviews the long-term outcome of prostheses and fixtures (implants) in 759 totally edentulous jaws of 700 patients. A total of 4,636 standard fixtures were placed and followed according to the osseointegration method for a maximum of 24 years by the original team at the University of Goteborg. Standardized annual clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted as far as possible. A lifetable approach was applied for statistical analysis. Sufficient numbers of fixtures and prostheses for a detailed statistical analysis were present for observation times up to 15 years. More than 95% of maxillae had continuous prosthesis stability at 5 and 10 years, and at least 92% at 15 years. The figure for mandibles was 99% at all time intervals. Calculated from the time of fixture placement, the estimated survival rates for individual fixtures in the maxilla were 84%, 89%, and 92% at 5 years; 81% and 82% at 10 years; and 78% at 15 years. In the mandible they were 91%, 98%, and 99% at 5 years; 89% and 98% at 10 years; and 86% at 15 years. (The different percentages at 5 and 10 years refer to results for different routine groups of fixtures with 5 to 10, 10 to 15, and 1 to 5 years of observation time, respectively.) The results of this study concur with multicenter and earlier results for the osseointegration method.

Long-term follow-up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws.

The primary function of a dental implant is to act as an abutment for a prosthetic device, similar to a natural tooth root and crown. Any success criteria, therefore, must include first and foremost support of a functional prosthesis. In addition, although clinical criteria for prosthetic success are beyond the scope of this article, patient satisfaction with the esthetic appearance of the implant restoration is necessary in clinical practice. The restoring dentist designs and fabricates a prosthesis similar to one supported by a tooth, and as such often evaluates and treats the dental implant similarly to a natural tooth. Yet, fundamental differences in the support system between these entities should be recognized. The purpose of this article is to use a few indices developed for natural teeth as an index that is specific for endosteal root-form implants. This article is also intended to update and upgrade what is purported to be implant success, implant survival, and implant failure. The Health Scale presented in this article was developed and accepted by the International Congress of Oral Implantologists Consensus Conference for Implant Success in Pisa, Italy, October 2007.

http://www.endoexperience.com/documents/implantsuccesssurvivalandfailureicoiconsensusconference.pdf

Implant success, survival, and failure: the International Congress of Oral Implantologists (ICOI) Pisa Consensus Conference.

Aim: In this study, the reproducibility of a newly developed pink esthetic score (PES) for evaluating soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns was assessed. The effect of observer specialization was another point of interest.

Material and methods: Twenty observers (five prosthodontists, five oral surgeons, five orthodontists and five dental students) were given photographs of 30 single-tooth implant crowns. Seven variables were evaluated vs. a natural reference tooth: mesial papilla, distal papilla, soft-tissue level, soft-tissue contour, alveolar process deficiency, soft-tissue color and texture. Using a 0-1-2 scoring system, 0 being the lowest, 2 being the highest value, the maximum achievable PES was 14. Each observer was requested to make two assessments at an interval of 4 weeks. At the second assessment, the photographs were scored in the reverse order.

Results: The mean PES of evaluations at the first assessment (n=600) was 9.46 (±3.81 SD), and 9.24 (±3.8 SD) at the second one. The difference between these two means was not significant statistically (P=0.6379). Implant-related mean PES for single-tooth implants varied from 2.28 to 13.8, with standard deviations between 0.46 and 3.51. Very poor and very esthetic restorations showed the smallest standard deviations. The mean total PES was 10.6 for the prosthodontists, 9.2 for the oral surgeons, 9.9 for the dental students and 7.6 for the orthodontists.

Conclusions: The PES reproducibly evaluates peri-implant soft tissue around single-tooth implants. Thus, an objective outcome of different surgical or prosthodontic protocols can be assessed. Orthodontists were clearly more critical than the other observers.

Evaluation of soft tissue around single-tooth implant crowns: the pink esthetic score.

Because of the proliferation of implant systems, a set of criteria for implant success based on scientific investigations is essential. A review of the literature and the analysis of the results indicate that six criteria are supported as valid for determining the clinical success of endosseous dental implants. These criteria are proposed for use in clinical investigation on implants.

Criteria for success of osseointegrated endosseous implants.

Criteria for the evaluation of dental implant success are proposed These criteria are applied in an assessment of the long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants including the subperiosteal implant, the vitreous carbon implant, the blade-vent implant, the single-crystal sapphire implant, the Tubingen implant, the TCP-implant, the TPS-screw, the ITI hollow-cylinder implant, the IMZ dental implant, the Core-Vent titanium alloy implant, the transosteal mandibular staple bone plate, and the Branemark osseointegrated titanium implant An attempt has been made to standardize the basis for comments on each type of implant

https://coimplante.odo.br/Biblioteca/Trabalhos%20classicos/A%20review%20and%20proposed%20a%20criteria%20of%20success%20-%20Albrektson%20et%20al.pdf

The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success.

Se proponen los criterios para la evaluacion del exito del implante dental. Estos criterios se aplican en la valoracion de la eficacia a largo plazo de los implantes dentales habitualmente empleados, incluyendo el implante sub-periostico, el implante de carbono vitreo, el implante de lamina perforada,el implante de zafiro monocristalino, el implante de Tubingen, el implante TCP, el tornillo TPS, el implante cilindrico hueco III, el implante dental IMZ, el implante de aleacion de titanio de nucleo perforado ( Core-Vent), la platina osea mandibular transosteal en grapa y el implante de titanio osteointegrado de Branemark, Se ha intentado estandarizar las bases para los comentarios sobre cada tipo de implante.

P. Worthington

Papers

The long-term efficacy of currently used dental implants: a review and proposed criteria of success.

La eficacia a largo plazo de los implantes dentales utilizados actualmente. Revisión y propuesta de criterios de éxito.