The in-situ deep mixing technique has been established as a means to effect columnar inclusions into soft ground to enhance the bearing capacity and reduce settlement. Since the inception of this method, developments in the plant and machinery, as well as associated field techniques, have surpassed the basic understanding of strength developments in high water-content clays admixed with cementing agents.In this paper an attempt is made to identify the critical factors governing the engineering behavior of cement-stabilized clay, which helps not only to control the input of cementing agent to attain strength development with curing time and clay water content, but also to understand the subsequent engineering behavior. It is revealed that the clay-water/cement ratio, $wc/ c$ is the prime parameter for the above purposes .

Engineering Behavior of Cement Stabilized Clay at High Water Content (IS-YOKOHAMA 2000「沿岸域の地盤工学における理論と実際」特集号〔英文〕)

A brief account is presented of a discussion on the revised code of practice for site investigation, BS 5930. Significant differences between the new code and the previous code, cp 2001, are detailed. Contributors to the discussion covered such aspects of the new code of practice as underwater site investigations and construction site borehole sampling techniques. It was emphasised that the code should be regarded as notes for guidance and not as mandatory instructions. (Author/TRRL)

The revised code of practice for site investigations

We present a general formulation of a class of uniaxial phenomenological models, able to accurately simulate hysteretic phenomena in rate-independent mechanical systems and materials, which requires only one history variable and leads to the solution of a scalar equation for the evaluation of the generalized force. Two specific instances of the class, denominated Bilinear and Exponential Models, are developed as an example to illustrate the peculiar features of the formulation. The Bilinear Model, that is one of the simplest hysteretic models which can be emanated from the proposed class, is first described to clarify the physical meaning of the quantities adopted in the formulation. Specifically, the potentiality of the proposed class is witnessed by the Exponential Model, able to simulate more complex hysteretic behaviors of rate-independent mechanical systems and materials exhibiting either kinematic hardening or softening. The accuracy and the computational efficiency of this last model are assessed by carrying out nonlinear time history analyses, for a single degree of freedom mechanical system having a rate-independent kinematic hardening behavior, subjected either to a harmonic or to a random force. The relevant results are compared with those obtained by exploiting the widely used Bouc–Wen Model.

A class of uniaxial phenomenological models for simulating hysteretic phenomena in rate-independent mechanical systems and materials

Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of frozen compacted sand subjected to freeze–thaw cycle under multi-stage cyclic loading

Polyurethane foam adhesive (PFA), a product resulting from exothermic chemical polymerization reactions between the diisocyanate functional group and polyol monomers, can form a closed cell...

Stress-Strain-Strength Response and Ductility of Gravels Improved by Polyurethane Foam Adhesive

Factors affecting shear modulus degradation of cement treated clay

Bedrock depth evaluation using microtremor measurement: empirical guidelines at weathered granite formation in Singapore

The present article discusses the stress–strain behavior and critical state parameters of the dredged Chennai marine clay stabilized with low cement content (2.5–10%). A series of one-dimensional consolidation tests and consolidated undrained tri-axial tests are performed on the cement stabilized dredged Chennai marine clay to evaluate the critical state parameters (λ, κ, M, Г, N) for varying cement contents and curing days. The results show that the slope of the critical state line M increases with an increase in the cement content. The parameter λ for the treated marine clay increases up to a cement content of 7.5% followed by a reduction. The parameter κ decreases with the addition of cement content. Finally, empirical formulations are proposed to predict the critical state parameters as the functions of the cement's contents and curing days.

Critical State Parameters of Dredged Chennai Marine Clay Treated with Low Cement Content

Shear modulus degradation model for cohesive soils

Deep cement mixing and jet grouting is a widely adopted ground improvement method to solidify soft sediments. Several reports are available on the static strength and maximum shear modulus...

Palanidoss Subramaniam

Papers

Factors affecting shear modulus degradation of cement treated clay

Bedrock depth evaluation using microtremor measurement: empirical guidelines at weathered granite formation in Singapore

Critical State Parameters of Dredged Chennai Marine Clay Treated with Low Cement Content

Shear modulus degradation model for cohesive soils

Dynamic Properties of Cement-Treated Marine Clay