Designing ingenious and stable carbon nanostructures is critical but still challenging for use in energy storage devices with superior electrochemistry kinetics, durable capacitive activity, and high rate survivability. To pursue the objective, a simple self-assembly strategy is developed to access carbon superstructures built of nanoparticle embedded plates. The carbon precursors, 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone can form porous organic polymer with "protic salt"-type rigid skeleton linked by -NH2+ Cl- - "rivets", which provides the cornerstone for hydrogen-bonding-guided self-assembly of the organic backbone to superstructures by π-π plane stacking. The ameliorative charge density distribution and decreased adsorption energy in as-fabricated carbon superstructures allow the high accessibility of the build-in protophilic sites and efficient ion diffusion with a low energy barrier. Such superstructures thus deliver ultra-stable charge storage and fast proton-coupled kinetics at the structural-chemical defects, contributing to unprecedented lifespan (1 000 000 cycles), high-rate capability (100 A g-1 ) for carbon-based supercapacitors, and an ultrahigh energy density (128 Wh kg-1 ) for Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors. The self-assembled carbon superstructures significantly improve the all-round electrochemical performances, and hold great promise for efficient energy storage.

Self-Assembled Carbon Superstructures Achieving Ultra-Stable and Fast Proton-Coupled Charge Storage Kinetics.

Green activation of sustainable resources to synthesize nitrogen-doped oxygen-riched porous carbon nanosheets towards high-performance supercapacitor

A robust strategy of solvent choice to synthesize optimal nanostructured carbon for efficient energy storage

Exploring porous electrode materials with designed micro/nano-structures is an effective way to realize high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). A metal-organic framework (MOF) is a porous crystalline material with a periodic structure formed by coordination of metal ions/clusters and organic ligands. Due to the excellent properties (e.g., large specific surface area, high porosity and tailorable structure), MOFs have been widely used in diverse applications. This Frontier article highlights the recent progress in the synthesis of MOF-based micro/nano-structured electrode materials including pristine MOFs, MOF composites and MOF derivatives, and their application in SCs. Furthermore, the challenges of MOF-based electrode materials and possible solutions are also discussed.

Pan Li

Papers

Fabrication of Ordered Macro-Microporous Single-Crystalline MOF and Its Derivative Carbon Material for Supercapacitor