Preface to the Princeton Landmarks in Biology Edition vii Preface xi Symbols Used xiii 1. The Importance of Islands 3 2. Area and Number of Speicies 8 3. Further Explanations of the Area-Diversity Pattern 19 4. The Strategy of Colonization 68 5. Invasibility and the Variable Niche 94 6. Stepping Stones and Biotic Exchange 123 7. Evolutionary Changes Following Colonization 145 8. Prospect 181 Glossary 185 References 193 Index 201

The Theory of Island Biogeography

This paper presents a review of the principal developments in functionally graded materials (FGMs) with an emphasis on the recent work published since 2000. Diverse areas relevant to various aspects of theory and applications of FGM are reflected in this paper. They include homogenization of particulate FGM, heat transfer issues, stress, stability and dynamic analyses, testing, manufacturing and design, applications, and fracture. The critical areas where further research is needed for a successful implementation of FGM in design are outlined in the conclusions. DOI: 10.1115/1.2777164

https://web.mst.edu/~vbirman/papers/Modeling%20and%20Analysis%20of%20FGM_Review_2007.pdf

Modeling and Analysis of Functionally Graded Materials and Structures

A critical review of recent research on functionally graded plates

Free vibration analysis of functionally graded conical, cylindrical shell and annular plate structures with a four-parameter power-law distribution

In this paper, an efficient and simple higher order shear and normal deformation theory is presented for functionally graded material (FGM) plates. By dividing the transverse displacement into bending, shear and thickness stretching parts, the number of unknowns and governing equations for the present theory is reduced, significantly facilitating engineering analysis. Indeed, the number of unknown functions involved in the present theory is only five, as opposed to six or even greater numbers in the case of other shear and normal deformation theories. The present theory accounts for both shear deformation and thickness stretching effects by a hyperbolic variation of all displacements across the thickness, and satisfies the stress-free boundary conditions on the upper and lower surfaces of the plate without requiring any shear correction factor. Equations of motion are derived from Hamilton’s principle. Analytical solutions for the bending and free vibration analysis are obtained for simply supported plates. The obtained results are compared with 3-dimensional and quasi-3-dimensional solutions and those predicted by other plate theories. It can be concluded that the present theory is not only accurate but also simple in predicting the bending and free vibration responses of functionally graded plates.

An efficient and simple higher order shear and normal deformation theory for functionally graded material (FGM) plates

Finite elements for functionally graded Reissner–Mindlin plates

Active control of structures against environmental loads such as those due to wind and earthquakes has received much attention recently. Feasibility studies, numerical and experimental, have shown that it is a viable alternative to conventional methods in enhancing the performance of structures under such loadings. Most of the research thus far has concentrated on developing mathematical models and algorithms based on optimal control theory and the necessary hardware to implement the control. Research on control based on neural networks has been very limited in spite of the potential advantages of this method such as its inherent ability to handle nonlinear systems, incorporate leads or delays, and recover from partial system failure. This paper presents a method of control of structures based on neural networks. The rationale for neural network-based control is first outlined, followed by a brief description of the analytical and experimental investigations, and finally illustrative numerical examples are given of control of a non-linear single-degree-of-freedom structure by neural net.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/4/1A/018/pdf

Control of structures using neural networks

Free vibrations of uncertain composite plates via stochastic Rayleigh-Ritz approach

The Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Volume 29, Number 2C. December 2004 17 †To whom correspondence should be addressed. A CONVERGENT ADAPTIVE WAVELET–ROTHE METHOD FOR ELASTOPLASTIC HARDENING* Giovanni Naldi Universita di Milano, Dipartimento di Matematica Via Saldini 50, I-20133 Milano, Italy e-mail: giovanni.naldi@mat.unimi.it Karsten Urban† Universitat Ulm, Abteilung Numerik, D-89069 Ulm, Germany e-mail: karsten.urban@mathematik.uni-ulm.de Paolo Venini Universita di Pavia, Dipartimento die Meccanica Strutturale Via Ferrata 1, I-27100 Pavia, Italy e-mail: venini@cpmec.unipv.it

A convergent adaptive wavelet-Rothe method for elastoplastic hardening

http://www-3.unipv.it/venini/papers/cs99.pdf

Paolo Venini

Papers

Finite elements for functionally graded Reissner–Mindlin plates

Control of structures using neural networks

Free vibrations of uncertain composite plates via stochastic Rayleigh-Ritz approach

A convergent adaptive wavelet-Rothe method for elastoplastic hardening

Reliability as a measure of active control effectiveness