An analysis of energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applied in smart agriculture

ETH-LEACH: An energy enhanced threshold routing protocol for WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) draw the attention of researchers due to the diversity of applications that use them. Basically, a WSN comprises many sensor nodes that are supplied with power by means of a small battery installed in the node itself; the node can also be self-charged by a solar cell. Sometimes it is impossible to change the power supply of battery-operated nodes. This dictates that sensor nodes must utilize the energy they have in an optimal manner. Data communication is the main cause of energy dissipation. In this context, designing protocols for WSNs demands more attention to the design of energy-efficient routing protocols that allow communications between sensor nodes and their base station (BS) with the least cost. LEACH is a prominent hierarchical cluster-based routing protocol. It groups sensor nodes into clusters to reduce energy dissipation. On the other hand, LEACH-C is a protocol based on LEACH that claims to improve energy dissipation over LEACH. In this paper, a successful attempt was made to compare these two protocols using MATLAB. The results show that LEACH-C has better performance than LEACH in terms of power dissipation.

Performance Comparison of LEACH and LEACH-C Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

By the reason of the energy of the nodes in wireless sensor networks is restricted,energy-efficient routing algorithm must be designed to prolong the network lifetime. The paper propose one new algorithm(MH-LEACH) based on classical low energy adaptive clustering algorithm (LEACH),which selecting cluster heads with energy and multi-hop combining simple-hop between cluster. Simulation results show that MH-LEACH outperforms LEACH with prolonging the network lifetime and improving the energy utilization rate.

The Clustering Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Hop between Clusters

This paper aims to describe the characteristics of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), challenges in designing a resource-constrained and vulnerable network and address security management as the main issue. The work begins with discussion on the attacks on WSNs. As part of protection against the attacks faced by WSNs, key management, the primary requirement of any security practice, is detailed out. This paper also deals with the existing security schemes covering various routing protocols. The paper also touches security issues concerning heterogeneous networks.

Security management in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is one of the fastest growing technologies in wireless domain. The sensor nodes are typically lightweight and with limited battery power they are failure-prone too. So, efficient power saving schemes must be designed and developed to optimize energy consumption and thereby improve overall network lifetime. Clustering technique is one of the time-tested approaches that effectively reduce energy consumption. The lifetime of WSNs is enhanced by uniform clustering that balances network load among the clusters. In this paper, we have reviewed various energy efficient clustering schemes applicable in wireless sensor networks. The schemes are analyzed thoroughly and some of them are simulated to assess performance.

Analysis of Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Routing Schemes

Wireless sensor networks are generally deployed in inhospitable terrain where the lightweight nodes are expected to detect an event and send relevant data to the Base Station (BS) However in such remote places it is generally not feasible to replace batteries quite often Clustering is an approach to minimize energy consumption of such network However the approach should be flexible enough to avoid excessive battery drain of the cluster heads particularly those near the BS and to address topology changes as nodes die out So, in this paper an Energy Aware Sleep Scheduling Clustering based Routing scheme (EASSCR) for Wireless Sensor Network is proposed Here some nodes are put to sleep to prolong the network lifetime EASSCR selects a node as a cluster head if its residual energy is more than system average energy and if a node’s remaining energy reaches five percent of its initial energy then it directly sends data to BS avoiding node failure during data collection or aggregation The goals of this scheme are, increase stability period of network, and minimize loss of sensed data Performance analysis show that EASSCR has significant improvement over existing protocols LEACH and SEP in terms of lifetime of network and data units gathered at BS

Paramita Basak

Papers

Analysis of Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks Routing Schemes

An energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor networks