Phyllanthus amarus: Ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology: A review

http://wgbis.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/sahyadri_enews/newsletter/issue42/bibliography/Ethnobotanical-survey-of-medicinal-plants-commonly-used-by-Kani-tribals-in-Tirunelveli-hills.PDF

Ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants commonly used by Kani tribals in Tirunelveli hills of Western Ghats, India.

Ethnopharmacological survey of medicinal plants in Maden (Elazig-Turkey).

The objective of this study was to establish a regional profile of the indigenous knowledge system (IKS) for medicinal plant use and cultural practices associated with the healing process of these plants by traditional healers in the Oshikoto region, Namibia. An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to collect information from traditional healers during September and October 2008. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires and personal interviews during field trips in the ten constituencies of the Oshikoto region. A total of 47 respondents were interviewed with most of them aged 66 and above. The traditional healers in Oshikoto region use 61 medicinal plant species that belong to 25 families for the treatment of various diseases and disorders with the highest number of species being used for mental diseases followed by skin infection and external injuries. Trees (28 species) were found to be the most used plants followed by herbs (15 species), shrubs (10 species) and climbers (4 species). The average of the informant consensus factor (FIC) value for all ailment categories was 0.75. High FIC values were obtained for Pergularia daemia, and Tragia okanyua, which were reported to treat weakness and dizziness problems, snake bite, swelling and cardiovascular problems indicating that these species traditionally used to treat these ailments are worth examining for bioactive compounds. The traditional healers in Oshikoto possess rich ethno-pharmacological knowledge. This study allows for identifying many high value medicinal plant species, indicating high potential for economic development through sustainable collection of these medicinal plants.

/pdf/ethnobotanical-study-of-indigenous-knowledge-on-medicinal-4xcvrurzq0.pdf

Ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plant use by traditional healers in Oshikoto region, Namibia

Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey).

Traditional uses of medicinal plants among the rural communities of Churu district in the Thar Desert, India.

Ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-statistical studies of Eastern Rajasthan, India

This paper investigates the strength and durability properties of low calcium fly ash based rubberised alkali-activated concrete (RAAC) with a replacement of natural fine aggregate (NFA) with crumb rubber (CR) at different percentages. RAAC was prepared using a mix of Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and 8 M Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The prepared specimens were cured at ambient room temperature and an elevated temperature of 60°C. The properties of RAAC, including density, slump, air content, compressive and flexural strengths, and elastic modulus were examined. The durability characteristics like carbonation depth, water penetration, and electrical resistivity were also investigated. The experiments indicated that slump, density, and strengths declined with increasing CR%. In addition, RAAC also displayed a higher water absorption and carbonation depth than conventional alkali-activated concrete (AAC) and was more prone to chemical, water, and chloride attacks. However, the higher electrical resistivity (ER) of RAAC indicated a higher compressive strength. The heat curing further enhanced the strength of RAAC and marginally improved its durability. Finally, the findings are supported with microstructural investigations. The heat-cured specimens possessed a comparatively denser microstructure compared to ambient-cured specimens. It is concluded that the discarded tyres can be used in RAAC production for structural applications, hence providing a sustainable solution for waste utilisation. 

Performance enhancement of rubberised-alkali-activated-concrete utilising ultra-fine slag and fly ash

This experimental study proposes a systematic mix-design procedure to develop rubberized geopolymer concrete (RGPC). The developed method is meant to identify the mix ratios for the production of high-strength, low-calcium fly ash-based geopolymer concrete, with OPC as a supplementary binder and crumb rubber as a partial replacement for the fine aggregates. The binder (80% fly ash + 20% OPC) content (350, 375, and 400 kg/m3), crumb rubber percentage (0, 5, 10, and 15%), and NaOH molarity (8, 10, and 12 M) are identified as key variables, with the focus on attaining the targeted compressive strength and workability under heat curing (60 °C). Thirty-six mix designs were tested for their compressive strength after 7 and 28 days, and their graphical relationship with the chosen variables is presented (CR-GPC graphs). A trial experiment with an example is performed to establish the validity of the developed mix-design procedure. It was found that the targeted compressive strength and slump of the rubberized GPC can be achieved with conviction.

https://www.mdpi.com/2412-3811/7/11/149/pdf?version=1666837400

Development of Detailed Mix Design Methodology for Low Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating OPC and Crumb Rubber

The use of scrap tyres in construction materials has been promoted to curb the environmental exploitation caused by the open disposal of non-biodegradable waste rubber. Tyre grinds as aggregates in geopolymer concrete (GPC) would increase its sustainability value by reducing the consumption of natural aggregates. Although there is limited literature addressing the damage to GPC characteristics caused by rubber aggregates, this investigation was designed to determine the extent of possible side effects of using crumb rubber (CR) in GPC. Additionally, this investigation aims to address any resulting reduction in strength and durability using additives such as cement and fibres. Geopolymer specimens with CR replacement of fine aggregates by volume (0, 5, 10 and 15%) showed a compressive strength reduction of up to 17% when tested according to ASTM standards. Substituting the total binder by weight with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) improved the microstructural integrity of the rubberised geopolymer mix with the highest percentage of OPC. Despite producing new and additional binding products (CSH and CASH gels), the GPC surface readily disintegrated under acid exposure. Optimum glass fibres (GF) reinforcement (0.30%) effectively disrupted the GPC pore network, consequently reducing the acid permeability of the matrix. Further addition of steel fibres (SF) enhanced the GPC specimen's compressive and flexural strength. To analyse the cumulative effect of these additives on GPC microstructure, supporting tests such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were carried out. Although these additives enhanced the overall performance of rubberised geopolymer, it might somewhat reduce its green aspect. 

Parveen

Papers

Traditional uses of medicinal plants among the rural communities of Churu district in the Thar Desert, India.

Ethnomedicinal and ethnopharmaco-statistical studies of Eastern Rajasthan, India

Performance enhancement of rubberised-alkali-activated-concrete utilising ultra-fine slag and fly ash

Development of Detailed Mix Design Methodology for Low Calcium Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Incorporating OPC and Crumb Rubber

Effects of various additives on the crumb rubber integrated geopolymer concrete