A variety of communication networks, such as industrial communication systems, have to provide strict delay guarantees to the carried flows. Fast and close to optimal quality of service (QoS) routing algorithms, e.g., delay-constrained least-cost (DCLC) routing algorithms, are required for routing flows in such networks with strict delay requirements. The emerging software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm centralizes the network control in SDN controllers that can centrally execute QoS routing algorithms. A wide range of QoS routing algorithms have been proposed in the literature and examined in individual studies. However, a comprehensive evaluation framework and quantitative comparison of QoS routing algorithms that can serve as a basis for selecting and further advancing QoS routing in SDN networks is missing in the literature. This makes it difficult to select the most appropriate QoS routing algorithm for a particular use case, e.g., for SDN controlled industrial communications. We close this gap in the literature by conducting a comprehensive up-to-date survey of centralized QoS routing algorithms. We introduce a novel four-dimensional (4D) evaluation framework for QoS routing algorithms, whereby the 4D correspond to the type of topology, two forms of scalability of a topology, and the tightness of the delay constraint. We implemented 26 selected DCLC algorithms and compared their runtime and cost inefficiency within the 4D evaluation framework. While the main conclusion of this evaluation is that the best algorithm depends on the specific sub-space of the 4D space that is targeted, we identify two algorithms, namely Lagrange relaxation-based aggregated cost (LARAC) and search space reduction delay-cost-constrained routing (SSR+DCCR), that perform very well in most of the 4D evaluation space.

https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1420144/file.pdf

Unicast QoS Routing Algorithms for SDN: A Comprehensive Survey and Performance Evaluation

Interconnection of number of devices through internet describes the Internet of things (IoT). Every object is connected with each other through unique identifier so that data can be transferred without human to human interaction. It allows establishing solutions for better management of natural resources. The smart objects embedded with sensors enables interaction with the physical and logical worlds according to the concept of IoT. In this paper proposed system is based on IoT that uses real time input data. Smart farm irrigation system uses android phone for remote monitoring and controlling of drips through wireless sensor network. Zigbee is used for communication between sensor nodes and base station. Real time sensed data handling and demonstration on the server is accomplished using web based java graphical user interface. Wireless monitoring of field irrigation system reduces human intervention and allows remote monitoring and controlling on android phone. Cloud Computing is an attractive solution to the large amount of data generated by the wireless sensor network. This paper proposes and evaluates a cloud-based wireless communication system to monitor and control a set of sensors and actuators to assess the plants water need.

IoT based smart irrigation monitoring and controlling system

Generally, routing techniques are essential for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) to deliver data packets to their destinations (also known as sinks). For a practical application, sensors are deployed to monitor environmental changes and events. Most WSNs detect specific events in their specific environments. But, different WSNs may monitor different events with different sensors in the same area. For example, a smart-home WSN deploys thermal sensors/meters to measure indoor and outdoor temperatures, body-temperature sensors to detect thief intrusion, etc. Also, in the underlying house, there is a health WSN which utilizes physiological sensors to monitor patients’ health condition. In other words, several WSNs of different purposes co-exist in the same geographical area. Currently, each WSN’s data delivery is independent from others’. Basically, if all sensors in such a multi-WSNs environment can share their routing paths/nodes and relay event packets for other WSNs, the delivery efficiency can be enhanced since many more sensors can be found there for packet relay. Consequently, the transmission energy can be reduced since energy consumed for wireless transmission is proportional to d2 where d is the transmission distance between sender and receiver. Therefore, in this study, we propose an energy saving routing mechanism, named Energy-Efficient Cooperative Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (EERH for short), in which several WSNs deployed in the same geographical environment form a heterogeneous sensor network and sensors relay packets for its own WSN and also for other WSNs. Routing paths are dynamically established according to the transmission directions of event packets and the residual energy of the underlying sensors and their neighbors. In addition, the packets routed to the same direction by the same sensors are aggregated to save delivering energy. Moreover, the network parameters of the EERH, like propagation delay of an event packet and the transmission distance of a sensor, are adjustable so as to satisfy the practical environment needs. Simulation results show that the EERH efficiently extends the lifetime of a heterogeneous WSN.

/pdf/energy-efficient-cooperative-routing-scheme-for-3ey4ckaoqa.pdf

Energy-Efficient Cooperative Routing Scheme for Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks

The main objective of the present work is to develop a smart wireless sensor network (WSN) for an agricultural environment. Monitoring of environmental factors have increased in importance over the last decade. In particular monitoring agricultural environments for various factors such as temperature and humidity along with other factors can be of significance. A traditional approach to measuring these factors in an agricultural environment meant individuals manually taking measurements and checking them at various times. The ability to document and detail changes in parameters of interest have become increasingly valuable, to such an extent that unattended monitoring systems have been investigated for this function. This study investigates a remote monitoring system using WiFi, where the wireless sensor nodes are based on WSN802G modules. These nodes send data wirelessly to a central server, which collects the data, stores it and will allow it to be analyzed then displayed as needed.

A WiFi based smart wireless sensor network for an agricultural environment : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering

In this paper, we compared the existing routing algorithms in the context of Software Defined Networking (SDN), where a logically centralized controller acquires the global view of the network, selects the paths using a routing algorithm, and installs the determined routing rules to the switches. We divided existing routing algorithms (RA) into three categories: RA with static link cost (RA-SLC), RA with dynamic link cost (RA-DLC), and RA with dynamic link cost and minimum interference (RA-DLCMI). We then implemented various routing algorithms from each category using RYU SDN controller and compared their performances on Mininet emulator. For the network state information (NSI) needed for the routing algorithms, we first consider the idealistic case where the accurate NSI is available, as assumed in the literature. However, since this is not possible in practice, we also considered the practical case where the controller periodically collects the NSI with some inaccuracy. In our experiments, we observed that while RA-DLC and RA-DLCMI give similar performance, RA-SLC falls behind of RA-DLC and RA-DLCMI in the number of accepted flows and total throughput. We also showed that the performance of every algorithm is adversely affected from the inaccuracy of NSI, calling for further research on developing effective NSI collection methods.

/pdf/comparison-of-routing-algorithms-with-static-and-dynamic-5bw1d9tvk5.pdf

Comparison of Routing Algorithms With Static and Dynamic Link Cost in Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Achieving the best quality as per user requirement is one of the important challenges in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) containing numerous sensor nodes with limited battery power. The time-critical applications in WSN demand energy-efficient and reliable transmission of data with limited resource availability. To resolve these issues, our proposed optimal cluster head selection method choose node as CH subjected to minimal end-to-end delay and congestion index. The nodes with maximum remaining energy, not being subjected to delay and heavy traffic have been selected as a cluster head (CH) for the next round. The Inter-cluster routing path constructed based on energy, delay, and congestion index cost function to achieve aggregated bandwidth through the establishment of multipath. MQoScMR supports adaptive CH and path selection, tuning QoS parameter according to application requirement. The technique proposed outperforms when compared with the existing protocol in terms of minimized energy consumption, delay, packet drop ratio, and high throughput.

Multi-QoS constraint multipath routing in cluster-based wireless sensor network

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of densely populated large number of spatially distributed configurable sensors, to meet the requirements of industrial, military, precision agriculture and health monitoring applications with ease of implementation and maintenance cost. Transmission of data requires both energy and quality of service (QoS) aware routing to ensure efficient use of the sensors and effective access of gathered information. In turn routing technique must provide reliable transmission of data without compromising QoS requirements of applications. We have addressed different routing protocol categories with range of QoS metrics to be achieved, to improve performance of WSNs applications.

Performance Evaluation of QoS-Aware Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of densely distributed sensor nodes with embedded low computational power CPU, limited storage and low power radios. WSNs are widely used to monitor environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, and vibration and pressure, in disaster relief, home monitoring etc. Sensors need to provide precise timely information in military and health applications. WSNs limited computational power and energy constraint restricts its use for smart application. Large storage and huge computational requirement of smart applications is satisfied by cloud computing paradigm. Energy efficient integration of WSN with Cloud, assist development of low cost processing and storage applications. We proposed need and various ways to integrate sensors to cloud highlighting use of computation offloading to improve performance.

Cloud assisted performance enhancement of smart applications in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Network formed by huge number sensors, used to detect the physical conditions and environmental conditions. These sensors have very small computing capability and less storage. This limits its use in medical health applications. Additional Storage capacity can be achieved by cloud computing. Cloud computing is one of the innovative paradigm which provides computing resources such as processing servers, more memory, and large storage, that can be provided virtually. These all resources are not present at the user's location but appear to be at current physical location. The objective of this work is to provide access to authorized user for retrieval of sensor information stored on cloud. Computation to validate authorized user is offloaded on remote server to increase lifetime of sensor battery and sensor node. Computation offloading helps to transfer heavy computation to resourceful server outside the computing environment of user, enhancing the performance of application using sensors.

Offload computation in cloud assisted Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consists of large number of spatially distributed configurable sensors, to meet the requirements of industrial, military, precision agriculture and health monitoring applications with ease of implementation and maintenance cost. Transmission of data requires both energy and quality of service (QoS) aware routing to ensure efficient use of the sensors and effective access of the gathered information. Design of WSNs considering its issues is challenging task and leads to complex algorithm design which are difficult to analyze by analytical methods and by physical measurements. Deploying test-beds supposes a huge effort. In deed Computer aided simulation is the feasible approach for analysis of WSNs. We addressed different types of simulators along with their key features and their applicability for simulation in numerous application areas.

Patil Yogita Dattatraya

Papers

Multi-QoS constraint multipath routing in cluster-based wireless sensor network

Performance Evaluation of QoS-Aware Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

Cloud assisted performance enhancement of smart applications in Wireless Sensor Networks

Offload computation in cloud assisted Wireless Sensor Networks

Simulation an art of performance evaluation in wireless sensor networks