Showing papers by "Patricia Noller published in 1985"
TL;DR: Overall, adolescents of both sexes tended to communicate more with mothers than with fathers over a wide range of areas, and more self-disclosure occurred to mothers than to fathers, with daughters disclosing more to mother than did sons.
309 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the literature on the complex question of the relative importance of the verbal, visual and vocal channels in various types of judgments and made an attempt to assess the important variables which affect the way the various channels are used by decoders, including whether deception is involved or expected, whether the message is discrepant, the particular judgment being made and the dimension on which the stimulus varies, the sex of the encoder and the decoder, the relationship between them, and the age of the decoder.
Abstract: This paper reviews the literature on the complex question of the relative importance of the verbal, visual and vocal channels in various types of judgments. It is noted that a wide variety of methodologies are used in such research with studies differing in terms of the type of stimuli used (varying on the dimension of stylised to naturally occurring), the task required of the subjects (particularly varying on the cognitive-affective dimension) and the method used to assess the relative importance of the channels. An attempt is made to assess the important variables which affect the way the various channels are used by decoders, including whether deception is involved or expected, whether the message is discrepant, the particular judgment being made and the dimension on which the stimulus varies, the sex of the encoder and the decoder and the relationship between them, and the age of the decoder. The possibility of other related variables also acting as moderators is discussed.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined data obtained from the coding of 10-minute videotapes of married couples dicussing their relationships and found that the preferred mode for sending negative messages was with a smile, irrespective of sex or marital adjustment level.
Abstract: This article examines data obtained from the coding of 10-minute videotapes of married couples dicussing their relationships. Each speaker turn was coded as positive, neutral or negative separately for each of the communication channels - verbal, visual, vocal or total. Three different types of negative messages were then isolated: (a) direct negative messages or those that are negative on all channels (verbal, visual and vocal), (b) negative messages with neutral or ambiguous words but negative visual and vocal cues, and (c) negative messages accompanied by smiles. The findings indicated that the preferred mode for sending negative messages was with a smile, irrespective of sex or marital adjustment level. The negative communication of unhappy couples proved to be more direct or intense (i.e. negative on more channels) than those of happy couples, and perhaps more negative than required for conveying the desired message. The vocal channel was found to be the most important channel in negative messages be...
22 citations