https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/150/3699/971.full.pdf

Pain mechanisms: a new theory.

The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat

Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology

A peripheral mononeuropathy was produced in adult rats by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. The postoperative behavior of these rats indicated that hyperalgesia, allodynia and, possibly, spontaneous pain (or dysesthesia) were produced. Hyperalgesic responses to noxious radiant heat were evident on the second postoperative day and lasted for over 2 months. Hyperalgesic responses to chemogenic pain were also present. The presence of allodynia was inferred from the nocifensive responses evoked by standing on an innocuous, chilled metal floor or by innocuous mechanical stimulation, and by the rats' persistence in holding the hind paw in a guarded position. The presence of spontaneous pain was suggested by a suppression of appetite and by the frequent occurrence of apparently spontaneous nocifensive responses. The affected hind paw was abnormally warm or cool in about one-third of the rats. About one-half of the rats developed grossly overgrown claws on the affected side. Experiments with this animal model may advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of neuropathic pain disorders in humans.

A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man.

As humans, we perceive feelings from our bodies that relate our state of well-being, our energy and stress levels, our mood and disposition. How do we have these feelings? What neural processes do they represent? Recent functional anatomical work has detailed an afferent neural system in primates and in humans that represents all aspects of the physiological condition of the physical body. This system constitutes a representation of 'the material me', and might provide a foundation for subjective feelings, emotion and self-awareness.

How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body.

Pain mechanisms: A new theory

Introduction. SECTION ONE. . Basic Aspects. Peripheral & Central. . Peripheral Mechanisms of Nociceptors, R.A. Meyer. Inflammatory Pain (Including Cytokines) , J. Levine. Cellular Properties, S. Bevan. Neurotrophins, S.B. Mcmahon. Damaged Peripheral Nerve, M. Devor. Dorsal Horn , C.J. Woolf. Medulla to Thalamus, J. Dostrovsky. Cortex Imaging, M. Ingvar. Fetal -- Neonatal, M. Fitzgerald. Central Pharmacology, T. Yaksh. Dorsal Horn Plasticity, R. Dubner. CNS Modulation, H. Fields. Psychology. Emotions & Psychobiology, K.D. Craig. Cognition, M. Weisenberg. Measurement. Animals, R. Dubner. Children, P.J. Mcgrath. Normal People, R. Gracely. People in Pain, R. Melzack. Other Measures of Pain and Disability, A. De C.Williams, . SECTION TWO: CLINICAL STATES. Soft Tissue, Joints, And Bones. Postoperative Pain, M. Cousins. Osteoarthritis, P.Creamer. Rheumatoid Arthritis, M. Jayson. Muscle and Tendons , D. Newham. Low Back Pain, D.M. Long. Upper Extremity & Neck, A. E. Sola. Fibromyalgia , R. Bennett, . Deep and Visceral Pain. Abdominal, L. Blendis . Heart/Vascular (Including Haemopathies), Procacci. (A), Gynaecology , A.J. Rapkin. (B), Obstetrics, J.S. Mcdonald. Genitourinary, V. Wesselmann. Head. Orofacial, Y. Sharav. Trigeminal, Eye, Ear., J. Zakrzewska. Headache , J. Schoenen. Nerve and Root Damage. Amputation, T.S. Jensen. Peripheral Neuropathies , , J. Scadding. RSD, SMP. Nerve Roots and Arachnoiditis, D. Dubuisson. . Special Cases. (A) , Gender, K. Berkely. (B), Children, C. Berde. Elderly, L. Gagliese. Animals, C.E. Short. Cancer , R.K. Portenoy. (A), Psychiatry and Cancer, W. Breitbart. (B), Pain and Impending Death, C. Saunders. Central Nervous System. Central Pain, J. Boive. Spinal Cord Damage, A. Beric. Pain - Psychological Medicine, H. Merskey. SECTION THREE: THERAPEUTIC ASPECTS. Pharmacology. Methods of Therapeutic Trials, H. Mcquay, . Non-Narcotic Analgesics, K. Brune. Psychotropic Drugs, R.C. Monks. Opioids, R.G. Twycross. Local and Regional Anesthesia, H. Mcquay, . Other Drugs Including Sy

Textbook of pain

'f.he nature of pa.in has been the bject of bitter controversy since the turn of the century (J). There are currently two opposing theories of pain: (i) specificity theory, which holds that pain is a specific modality · e vision or hearing, \"with its own central and peripheral apparatus\" (2), tnd (ii) pattern theory, which main'ns that the nerve impulse pattern for pain is produced by intense stimulation of nonspecific receptors since \"there are no specific fibers and no apecific endings\" (3). Both theories derive from earlier concepts proposed by ~on Frey (4) and Goldscheider (5) Ill 1894, and historically they are held to be mutually exclusive. Since it is our purpose here to propose a new theory of pain mechanisms, we shall Slate explicitly at the outset where we agree and disagree with specificity and pattern theories.

Patrick D. Wall

Papers

Pain mechanisms: a new theory.

Pain mechanisms: A new theory

Textbook of pain

Textbook of pain

Pain mechanisms: a new theory