https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/150/3699/971.full.pdf

Pain mechanisms: a new theory.

The hippocampus as a spatial map. Preliminary evidence from unit activity in the freely-moving rat

Well-being : the foundations of hedonic psychology

A peripheral mononeuropathy was produced in adult rats by placing loosely constrictive ligatures around the common sciatic nerve. The postoperative behavior of these rats indicated that hyperalgesia, allodynia and, possibly, spontaneous pain (or dysesthesia) were produced. Hyperalgesic responses to noxious radiant heat were evident on the second postoperative day and lasted for over 2 months. Hyperalgesic responses to chemogenic pain were also present. The presence of allodynia was inferred from the nocifensive responses evoked by standing on an innocuous, chilled metal floor or by innocuous mechanical stimulation, and by the rats' persistence in holding the hind paw in a guarded position. The presence of spontaneous pain was suggested by a suppression of appetite and by the frequent occurrence of apparently spontaneous nocifensive responses. The affected hind paw was abnormally warm or cool in about one-third of the rats. About one-half of the rats developed grossly overgrown claws on the affected side. Experiments with this animal model may advance our understanding of the neural mechanisms of neuropathic pain disorders in humans.

A peripheral mononeuropathy in rat that produces disorders of pain sensation like those seen in man.

As humans, we perceive feelings from our bodies that relate our state of well-being, our energy and stress levels, our mood and disposition. How do we have these feelings? What neural processes do they represent? Recent functional anatomical work has detailed an afferent neural system in primates and in humans that represents all aspects of the physiological condition of the physical body. This system constitutes a representation of 'the material me', and might provide a foundation for subjective feelings, emotion and self-awareness.

How do you feel? Interoception: the sense of the physiological condition of the body.

Obiettivazione dell 'effett~ dell 'elettrosthnolazione t ranscutanea sul dolore chirurgico (Objective assessment of the :effect of transcutaneous electrostimulation in the t reatment of mrgical p a i n ) , G.P: Novelli, E, Gabbai and E. Pieraccioli, Acta anaesthesiol, ital,, 28 (1977) 503--509 I n a group of patients treated with transcutaneous electricai stimulation for relief of pain after operations on the upper abdomen an investigation was carried out on the objective assessment of the effects of electrical stimulation. Two aspects were considered: respiratory activity and bowel motility. The objective effects were correlated with the antalgic effect. I t was observed that analgesia was associated with an improvement of antalgic hypoventilation; no effect was instead observed on bowel motil i ty,

The gate control theory of pain mechanisms: a re-examination and re-statement

Dorsal horn cells with proximal cutaneous receptive fields.

Effect of Lissauer tract stimulation on activity in dorsal roots and in ventral roots

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/167/3923/1385.2.full.pdf

Patrick D. Wall

Papers

The gate control theory of pain mechanisms: a re-examination and re-statement

Dorsal horn cells with proximal cutaneous receptive fields.

Effect of Lissauer tract stimulation on activity in dorsal roots and in ventral roots

Dorsal Root Potentials Produced by Stimulation of Fine Afferents

Comments after 30 years of the gate control theory