Patrick H. Tolan

TL;DR: Exposure to community violence was related to increases in aggressive behavior and depression over a 1-year period even after controlling for previous status.

TL;DR: The authors assessed the occurrence of three types of stressful life events among African- American and Hispanic children living in urban neighborhoods, and examined the concurrent and prospective relations between stress life events and adjustment.

TL;DR: The study finds that youth from struggling families—those that consistently used poor parenting practices and had low levels of emotional cohesion—were more likely to be exposed to community violence, and finds a relation between exposure to violence and later violence perpetration.

TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between family influences and participation in violent and nonviolent delinquent behavior was examined among a sample of 362 African American and Latino male adolescents living in the inner city and participants were classified into three groups: (a) nonoffenders, (b) nonviolent offenders, and (c) violent offenders.

TL;DR: In classrooms where students and teachers made norms against aggression salient, aggressive behavior diminished over time and was not affected by injunctive norms, but descriptive norms had no effect on either.