‘Modernity’ is a relatively new term in literary scholarship on the turn of the twentieth century. Sociologists organise their research around issues of ‘modernisation’ unique to this period: the Taylorisation of industrial production, the professionalisation of science and the organisation of the modern research university, the development of new mediums and media for both mass transportation and mass communication, and the impact on the conceptualisation of a public sphere of women’s and non-whites’ advocacy for an extension of the rights of citizenship to previously excluded populations. Sociologists focus as well on the ‘dramatic transformations of worldviews and philosophies’ encompassed by the still broader term ‘modernity’ (290). By contrast, literary scholars typically have mapped late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century history in terms of a neat, clean and emphatically teleological succession of literary movements, charting a ‘progress’ from realism to either naturalism or aestheticism and Decadence and then to Modernism. Rather than entertaining the possibility that these aesthetic modes can exist simultaneously in the same text, or that they were produced and marketed for different audiences throughout this period, the emphasis until quite recently has been placed on literary Modernism’s success in ‘extricat[ing] itself and our epoch from the fin de siecle ’. That is to say, artists and literary critics claiming Modernism to be the aesthetic of modernity first established its position front-and-centre in the cultural landscape by putting other aesthetic paradigms either ‘behind’ it or ‘below’ it (or both).

The gender of modernity

Clearing a Path@@@Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism, 1830-1914

(The place of publication is London and the date 2006 unless otherwise stated.)

List of publications on the economic and social history of Great Britain and Ireland published in 2006

This is a major critical work from a senior scholar of science fiction.Technoscience impacts every aspect of daily life, and science fiction has become an essential part of everyday imagining. Films, art, music, video and computer games, and non-genre fiction have become what Csicsery-Ronay calls science fictional, stimulating science-fictional habits of mind. He describes science fiction as a constellation of seven diverse mode of awareness, which frame experiences as if they were aspects of science fiction. These are the "seven beauties" of the title: fictive neology, fictive novums, future history, imaginary science, the science-fictional sublime, the science-fictional grotesque, and the Technologiade, or the epic of technoscience's development into a global regime.

The Seven Beauties of Science Fiction

In this paper we address the ways in which global processes of imperialism helped to constitute the cultural geography of the capital cities of Europe. London is our focus, not least because its re...

Heart of Empire? Landscape, Space and Performance in Imperial London

Utopian Literature and Science

Introduction 1. The Novel and the Nation 2. Cavaliers, Puritans, and Rogues: English Fiction from 1485 to 1700 3. Cross-Grained Crusoe: Defoe and the Contradictions of Englishness 4. Histories of Rebellion: From 1688 to 1793 5. The Novel of Suffering: Richardson, Fielding, and Goldsmith 6. The Benevolent Robber: From Fielding to the 1790s 7. Romanitic Toryism: Scott, Disraeli, and Others 8. Tory Daughters and the Politics of Marriage: Jane Austen, Charlotte Bronte, and Elizabeth Gaskell 9. 'Turn Again, Dick Whittington!': Dickens and the Fiction of the City 10. At Home and Abroad in Victorian and Edwardian Fiction: From iVanity Fair/i to iThe Secret Agent/i 11. Puritan and Provincial Englands: From Emily Bronte to D. H. Lawrence 12. From Forster to Orwell: The Novel of England's Destiny 13. From Kipling to Independence: Losing the Empire 14. Round Tables: Chivalry and the Twentieth-Century English Novel- Sequence 15. Inward Migrations: Multiculturalism, Anglicization, and Internal Exile Conclusion: On Englishness and the Twenty-First Century Novel

Nation and Novel: The English Novel from Its Origins to the Present Day

H.G. Wells - inventor of the concept of the time machine and the phrase "the shape of things to come" - described his life's work as one of critical anticipation. This book unravels the complex layers of meaning in "The Time Machine", and shows how, throughout his life, he sought to exploit the potential of literary and cultural prophecy in new ways. Described by John Middleton Murry as "the last prophet of bourgeois Europe", he was its first futurologist. In "Shadows of the Future", Wells's assumption of the prophet's role is related to his championing of the modern scientific outlook, and to the theory and practice of science fiction and utopian literature. Parrinder explores the connections between novelty and repetition, between imagining the future and imagining the past, and between prophecy and parody as literary modes. Wells's science fiction is reexamined both as a projection of the cosmology implicit in the writings of Darwin and Huxley, and as a new variation on the Romantic and Enlightenment themes of such earlier authors as Blake, Gibbon and Mary Shelley. Later chapters relate Wells's fiction to his nonfiction and look at the uneasy relationship of his utopianism to literary prophecy, and at the paradoxes inherent in the militant internationalism of the "prophet at large". Finally, Well's influence is traced in a study of the antiutopian fictions in Zamayatin and Orwell, and in a broad account of the connections between science fiction and the scientific outlook down to our time.

Shadows of the Future: H.G. Wells, Science Fiction and Prophecy

List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Notes on the Contributors 1. Introduction PART I: THE MATERIAL TEXT 2. Novel Designs: Manipulating the Page in English Fiction, 1660-1780 Thomas Keymer 3. Textual Instability and the Contemporary Novel: Reading Janice Galloway's The Trick is to Keep Breathing On and Off the Page Andrew Nash 4. The Early American Novel in Fragments: Writing and Reading Serial Fiction in the Post-Revolutionary United States Matthew Pethers 5. Archive Fever: The Publishers' Archive and the History of the Novel Nicola Wilson PART II: LITERARY HISTORIES: QUESTIONS OF REALISM AND FORM 6. Memory, Interiority and Historicity: Some Factors in the Early Novel Patrick Parrinder 7. A Gothic History of the British Novel Nancy Armstrong 8. Critical Histories of Omniscience Rachel Sagner Buurma 9. The 'power of the written word': Literary Impressionism, Politics and Anxiety Max Saunders 10. Virginia Woolf and Metonymic Realism: Making It New? Pam Morris PART III: THE NOVEL IN NATIONAL AND TRANSNATIONAL CULTURES 11. Defining an 'Age of the Novel' in the United States Jonathan Arac 12. Between Modernism and the Postcolonial: Reading Patrick White and Malcolm Lowry in the 1970s Mark Williams 13. Transporting Fiction: The Novel in a (Post)Colonial World Simon Gikandi PART IV: THE NOVEL NOW 14. Art Unseduced by Its Own Beauty: Toni Morrison and the Humility of Experiment David James 15. The Dynamics of Residual and Emergent in the American Novel after 1940 Cyrus R. K. Patell and Deborah Lindsay Williams

Patrick Parrinder

Papers

Utopian Literature and Science

Nation and Novel: The English Novel from Its Origins to the Present Day

Shadows of the Future: H.G. Wells, Science Fiction and Prophecy

New directions in the history of the novel

Science Fiction: Its Criticism and Teaching