The present is directed to an apparatus and method to monitor water treated with the SODIS process and comprises a container and an indicator element which is either affixed, applied or embedded to the container or the container’s cap. The, indicator element comprise of at least one thermochromic indicator and at least one photochromic indicator.

An apparatus and method of using thermochromic and photochromic indicators

The present invention is directed to processes for producing a high purity organic solvent from a crude organic solvent comprising providing a stream of crude organic solvent comprising a first amount of at least one impurity and adsorbing at least one impurity contained in said crude organic solvent onto an adsorbent to produce a purified organic solvent comprising a second amount of impurities, the second amount of impurities being less than the first amount of impurities.

Purification of organic solvents

To enzymatically synthesize aroma acetoin fatty acid esters, useful as flavor and fragrance ingredients in foods. Immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), performed significantly better than lipases from Rhizopus niveus and Candida rugosa in carrying out the esterification of acetoin and fatty acids. C4–C12 straight chain fatty acids were suitable acyl donors and CALB had a strong preference for longer straight chains up to ten carbon atoms. Higher temperatures, 40–60 °C, and higher acetoin/fatty acid molar ratios favored the conversion. The maximum yield of acetoin octanoate obtained was (51 ± 1) % after 24 h reaction time in hexane with 0.25 M octanoic acid, 5:1 excess acetoin and an enzyme concentration of 6 g/mol fatty acid at 60 °C. The enzyme activity declined at a steady rate during reuse at 60 °C and after the 10th cycle, 65 % of initial activity was still be retained. This is the first report of acetoin fatty acid ester synthesis by biological method and CALB has been shown to be effective for the lipase-catalyzed esterification of acetion and C4–C12 straight chain fatty acids.

Enzymatic synthesis of aroma acetoin fatty acid esters by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B

A method of purifying an alcohol, such as isopropyl alcohol, includes a first ion exchange step of performing ion exchange treatment on an alcohol-containing liquid; a step of performing dehydration treatment using a dehydration membrane on the liquid treated in the first ion exchange step; a distillation step of performing distillation on the dehydration-treated liquid; and a second ion exchange step of further performing ion exchange treatment on the liquid obtained in the distillation step to obtain a purified alcohol.

Method and apparatus for purifying alcohol

Cellulose immobilized palladium (0) nanoparticles (PdNPs) were prepared for the use in scalable catalytic reactions in flow. Preparation of the catalyst is remarkably simple and fast, where a palladium acetate solution is drop-casted onto cellulose paper and then exposed to 1 atm of hydrogen for a mere 90 s to produce embedded Pd(0) nanoparticles. This catalyst system is efficient in the hydrogenation of alkenes, nitroarenes, ketones, and enamides, with products formed in high yields, under ambient pressure and temperature. The system is also effective for transfer hydrogenation using ammonium formate as an alternative hydrogen source. A high catalyst stability and reusability are demonstrated along with the chemoselective and scalable synthesis of industrially important fine chemicals, including the biobased molecule cyrene.

Chemoselective and Continuous Flow Hydrogenations in Thin Films Using a Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyst Embedded in Cellulose Paper

A process for producing high purity isopropyl alcohol. In one embodiment, the process comprising the steps of: (a) feeding a feed stream comprising at least about 99.9 wt. % isopropyl alcohol into a separation column; (b) separating the isopropyl alcohol into an overhead stream taken overhead from the separation column and a bottoms stream taken as bottoms from the separation column; and (c) removing the high purity isopropyl alcohol at a point: (i) below where the feed stream enters the separation column but above the bottoms stream, or (ii) above where the feed stream enters the separation column but below the overhead stream, wherein the high purity isopropyl alcohol has a metals content of less than about 1 ppb and a water content of less than about 100 ppm. Optionally, the process includes the step of passing the high purity isopropyl alcohol through an ion exchange resin after removing the high purity isopropyl alcohol from the separation column, thereby forming an ultra-high purity isopropyl alcohol that contains less than 100 ppt of any metal impurity.

Process for producing ultra-high purity isopropanol

Purification of dihydroisophorone by plural distillation and isomerization

Purification of isophorone by plural stage distillation

An improved process for indirect hydration of propylene to form di-isopropyl ether and isopropyl alcohol is provided in which propylene is absorbed in sulfuric acid to form an extract which is withdrawn from the absorbing zone; water in carefully controlled amounts is admixed with the extract and the resulting mixture is passed to an ether generating zone to form a vaporous ether product and a bottoms product depleted in di-isopropyl ether and containing sulfuric acid in a concentration at least equal to the acid concentration in the extract withdrawn from the absorbing zone The withdrawn bottoms is then divided into two portions: a first portion is recycled to the absorber; and the second such portion is admixed with sufficient water to hydrate absorbed olefin values and the resulting mixture is fed to an alcohol generator for formation of isopropyl alcohol as overhead product and dilute sulfuric acid as bottoms product

Paul E Burton

Papers

Process for producing ultra-high purity isopropanol

Purification of dihydroisophorone by plural distillation and isomerization

Purification of isophorone by plural stage distillation

Process for producing isopropyl alcohol and di-isopropyl ether

Method for preparing dihydroisophorone