Learn the basic properties and designs of modern VLSI devices, as well as the factors affecting performance, with this thoroughly updated second edition. The first edition has been widely adopted as a standard textbook in microelectronics in many major US universities and worldwide. The internationally-renowned authors highlight the intricate interdependencies and subtle tradeoffs between various practically important device parameters, and also provide an in-depth discussion of device scaling and scaling limits of CMOS and bipolar devices. Equations and parameters provided are checked continuously against the reality of silicon data, making the book equally useful in practical transistor design and in the classroom. Every chapter has been updated to include the latest developments, such as MOSFET scale length theory, high-field transport model, and SiGe-base bipolar devices.

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Fundamentals of Modern VLSI Devices

Electrical properties of rocks

The objective of this paper is to develop a SPICE- compatible equivalent circuit of a thermoelectric module. A methodology is developed for extracting the parameters of the proposed model from manufacturers' data of thermoelectric coolers (TECs) and thermoelectric generators (TEGs). The model could be helpful in analyzing the drive requirements of TECs and loading effects of TEGs. The present model is compatible with PSPICE or other electric circuit simulators. An important feature of the model is its ability to generate small-signal transfer functions that can be used to design feedback networks for temperature control applications

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Modeling and Analysis of Thermoelectric Modules

How circuits work

Fifty years ago, the optimization of thermoelectric devices was analyzed by considering the relation between optimal performances and local entropy production. Entropy is produced by the irreversible processes in thermoelectric devices. If these processes could be eliminated, entropy production would be reduced to zero, and the limiting Carnot efficiency or coefficient of performance would be obtained. In the present review, we start with some fundamental thermodynamic considerations relevant for thermoelectrics. Based on a historical overview, we reconsider the interrelation between optimal performances and local entropy production by using the compatibility approach together with the thermodynamic arguments. Using the relative current density and the thermoelectric potential, we show that minimum entropy production can be obtained when the thermoelectric potential is a specific, optimal value.

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Thermodynamics of Thermoelectric Phenomena and Applications

Physical electronics and circuit models of transistors

This book begins with the physical principles involved in the operation of semiconductor components, proceeds through the physical electronics, modeling, and circuit characteristics of these components, and engages the questions and problems that arise in the computer-aided design of complex multicomponent functional assemblies of the type found in modern integrated-circuit packages.

Paul E. Gray

Papers

Physical electronics and circuit models of transistors

Electronic Principles: Physics, Models and Circuits

The dynamic behavior of thermoelectric devices.

The Dynamic Behavior of Thermoelectric Devices

Principios de electrónica: electrónica física, modelas y circuitos electrónicos