Two thousand eight hundred thirty-seven cases of carcinoid tumor from files at the National Cancer Institute were analyzed statistically. Tumors were found in the lung, ovary, and biliary and gastrointestinal tracts. Most were in the appendix, rectum, and ileum. Age-adjusted incidence rates were higher for black males, except for lung carcinoids. Carcinoids showed several differences from other kinds of tumor, including a low age for appendiceal and lung cases and low male/female and black/white ratios in the lung. Percentages of concurrent neoplasms and multiple carcinoids were low compared to other series. Five-year relative survival rates ranged from 99% (appendix) to 33% (sigmoid colon). Survival for colon cases was not so low as expected on the basis of the high rate of metastasis. Some appendiceal carcinoids were metastatic and may have killed 1 patient. Findings are compared with other studies.

Carcinoid Tumors An analysis of 2837 cases

Major early complications from diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP: a prospective multicenter study

https://www.giejournal.org/article/S0016-5107(11)01936-5/pdf

Complications of ERCP

https://www.gastrojournal.org/article/0016-5085(95)90203-1/pdf

Meta-analysis of enteral nutrition as a primary treatment of active crohn's disease

ASGE guideline: the role of ERCP in diseases of the biliary tract and the pancreas.

Endoscopic cannulation of the ampulla of vater: a preliminary report.

Endoscopic Cannulation of the Ampulla of Vater: A Preliminary Report

1. 1. Eleven patients who experienced perforated colonie diverticula while receiving adrenocorticosteroid therapy presented clinical features which differed from those who had diverticular perforation but were not receiving steroids. 2. 2. A high index of suspicion for this potentially lethal catastrophe is necessary to establish the diagnosis in patients who usually present without prior gastrointestinal symptoms. 3. 3. Early operation is mandatory in these patients, and consideration should be given to exteriorization or resection of the perforation at the first procedure. 4. 4. In addition to adversely affecting the course of diverticular perforation, long-term adrenocorticosteroid therapy may actually predispose to such perforation.

Paul E. Shorb

Papers

Endoscopic cannulation of the ampulla of vater: a preliminary report.

Endoscopic Cannulation of the Ampulla of Vater: A Preliminary Report

Acute perforation of colonic diverticula associated with prolonged adrenocorticosteroid therapy.

Carcinoid tumors of gastrointestinal tract. an analysis of seventy cases.