The second edition of The Biomarker Guide is a fully updated and expanded version of this essential reference. Now in two volumes, it provides a comprehensive account of the role that biomarker technology plays both in petroleum exploration and in understanding Earth history and processes. Biomarkers and Isotopes in the Environment and Human History details the origins of biomarkers and introduces basic chemical principles relevant to their study. It discusses analytical techniques, and applications of biomarkers to environmental and archaeological problems. The Biomarker Guide is an invaluable resource for geologists, petroleum geochemists, biogeochemists, environmental scientists and archaeologists.

The Biomarker Guide

PAH diagnostic ratios for the identification of pollution emission sources

Many currently producing shale-gas reservoirs are overmature oil-prone source rocks. Through burial and heating these reservoirs evolve from organic-matter-rich mud deposited in marine, lacustrine, or swamp environments. Key characterization parameters are: total organic carbon (TOC), maturity level (vitrinite reflectance), mineralogy, thickness, and organic matter type. Hydrogento-carbon (HI) and oxygen-to-carbon (OI) ratios are used to classify organic matter that ranges from oil-prone algal and herbaceous to gas-prone woody/coaly material. Although organic-matter-rich intervals can be hundreds of meters thick, vertical variability in TOC is high ( 50% of the total porosity, and these pores may be hydrocarbon wet, at least during most of the thermal maturation process. A full understanding of the relation of porosity and gas content will result in development of optimized processes for hydrocarbon recovery in shale-gas reservoirs.

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From Oil-Prone Source Rock to Gas-Producing Shale Reservoir - Geologic and Petrophysical Characterization of Unconventional Shale Gas Reservoirs

Kerogen origin, evolution and structure

Oil spill identification

Lake-Basin Type, Source Potential, and Hydrocarbon Character: an Integrated Sequence-Stratigraphic–Geochemical Framework

Pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments record past human activity : A case study in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Microbial alteration of the acidic and neutral polar NSO compounds revealed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Production, Destruction, and Dilution—The Many Paths to Source-Rock Development

A method was developed to allocate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment samples to the PAH sources from which they came. The method uses principal-component analysis to identify possible sources and a least-squares model to find the source mix that gives the best fit of 36 PAH analytes in each sample. The method identified 18 possible PAH sources in a large set of field data collected in Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA, after the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, including diesel oil, diesel soot, spilled crude oil in various weathering states, natural background, creosote, and combustion products from human activities and forest fires. Spill oil was generally found to be a small increment of the natural background in subtidal sediments, whereas combustion products were often the predominant sources for subtidal PAHs near sites of past or present human activity. The method appears to be applicable to other situations, including other spills.

https://setac.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/etc.5620160605

Paul J. Mankiewicz

Papers

Lake-Basin Type, Source Potential, and Hydrocarbon Character: an Integrated Sequence-Stratigraphic–Geochemical Framework

Pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments record past human activity : A case study in Prince William Sound, Alaska

Microbial alteration of the acidic and neutral polar NSO compounds revealed by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Production, Destruction, and Dilution—The Many Paths to Source-Rock Development

A principal-component and least-squares method for allocating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediment to multiple sources