政治自由主义 = Political liberalism

George Orwell's 'Big Brother' and Michel Foucault's 'panopticon' have dominated discussion of contemporary developments in surveillance. While such metaphors draw our attention to important attributes of surveillance, they also miss some recent dynamics in its operation. The work of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari is used to analyse the convergence of once discrete surveillance systems. The resultant 'surveillant assemblage' operates by abstracting human bodies from their territorial settings, and separating them into a series of discrete flows. These flows are then reassembled in different locations as discrete and virtual 'data doubles'. The surveillant assemblage transforms the purposes of surveillance and the hierarchies of surveillance, as well as the institution of privacy.

The surveillant assemblage.

In this article, we elaborate on various key ideas about consumption and consumer from a theoretical position that we have labeled "liberatory postmodernism." By unmasking the limitations of modernism that have to do with the onerous nature of its metanarratives and narrow conventionalism, we show that postmodern developments offer alternate visions of consumption processes that have an emancipatory potential. The analysis in our article begins with a discussion of the philosophical foundations of modernism and postmodernism followed by a cultural critique of modernism-exposing, for example, the modernist distinction between production and consumption and the privileging of production over consumption. We demonstrate how postmodernism is concerned with the reversing of the conditions of modernity and with a wide range of issues regarding the construction of the subject (i.e., the consumer), the role of the symbolic in consumption processes, the notion of the spectacularization of life, the creation of the hyperreal, and the cultural signification of fragmentation. We conclude the article with a proposal for an epistemology of consumption that subsumes scientific knowledge under a broader category of narrative knowledge and recognizes multivocality of consumption forms.

Liberatory Postmodernism and the Reenchantment of Consumption

Doing philosophy means reasoning about questions that are of basic importance to the human experience—questions like, What is a good life? What is reality? How are knowledge and understanding possible? What should we believe? What norms should govern our societies, our relationships, and our activities? Philosophers critically analyze ideas and practices that often are assumed without reflection. Wesleyan’s philosophy faculty draws on multiple traditions of inquiry, offering a wide variety of perspectives and methods for addressing these questions.

What is philosophy

About the Series ix Preface and Acknowledgments xi 1. Introduction: The Politics of Nature and the Making of Environmental Subjects 1 Part I: Power/Knowledge and the Creation of Forests 25 2. Forests of Statistics: Colonial Environmental Knowledges 32 3. Struggles over Kumaon's Forests, 1815-1916 65 Part II: A New Technology of Environmental Government: Politics, Institutions, and Subjectivities 87 4. Governmentalized Localities: The Dispersal of Regulation 101 5. Inside the Regulatory Community 127 6. Making Environmental Subjects: Intimate Government 164 7. Conclusion: The Analytics of Environmentality 201 Notes 231 Bibliography 279 Index 309

Environmentality: Technologies of Government and the Making of Subjects

Since its publication in 1968, "Difference and Repetition," an exposition of the critique of identity, has come to be considered a contemporary classic in philosophy and one of Deleuze's most important works. The text follows the development of two central concepts, those of pure difference and complex repetition. It shows how the two concepts are related, difference implying divergence and decentring, repetition being associated with displacement and disguising. The work moves deftly between Hegel, Kierkegaard, Freud, Althusser and Nietzsche to establish a fundamental critique of Western metaphysics, and has been a central text in initiating the shift in French thought - away from Hegel and Marx, towards Nietzsche and Freud.

Difference and Repetition

With clarity, precision and economy, Paul Patton synthesizes the full range of Deleuze's work. He interweaves with great dexterity motifs that extend from his early works, such as Nietzsche and Philosophy, to the more recent What is Philosophy? and his key works such as Anti-Oedipus and Difference and Repetition. Throughout, Deleuze and the Political demonstrates Deleuze's relevance to theoretical and practical concerns in a number of disciplines including philosophy, political theory, sociology, history, and cultural studies. Paul Patton also presents an outstandingly clear treatment of fundamental concepts in Deleuze's work, such as difference, power, desire, multiplicities, nomadism and the war machine and sets out the importance of Deleuze to poststructuralist political thought. It will be essential reading for anyone studying Deleuze and students of philosophy, politics, sociology, literature and cultural studies.

Deleuze and the political

List of contributors Acknowledgements 1. Introduction Duncan Ivison, Paul Patton and Will Sanders Part I. Sovereignty: 2. Waitangi as mystery of state: consequences of the ascription of federative capacity to the Maori J. G. A. Pocock 3. The struggles of indigenous peoples for and of freedom James Tully 4. Beyond regret: Mabo's implications for Australian constitutionalism Jeremy Webber 5. Engaging with indigeneity: Tino Rangatiratanga in Aotearoa Roger Maaka and Augie Fleras Part II. Identity: 6. Paths towards a Mohawk nation: narratives of citizenship and nationhood in Kahnawake Audra Simpson 7. (De)Constructing the politics of indigeneity Manuhuia Barcham 8. On display for its aesthetic beauty: how western institutions fabricate knowledge about aboriginal cultural heritage Sonia Smallacombe 9. On the plurality of interests: aboriginal self-government and land rights John Bern and Susan Dodds Part III. Democracy: 10. The liberal image of the nation William E. Connolly 11. Minority claims under two conceptions of democracy Philip Pettit 12. American multiculturalism and the 'nations within' Will Kymlicka 13. Hybrid democracy: Iroquois federalism and the postcolonial project Iris Marion Young Notes Bibliography Index.

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Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Contributors. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction: Paul Patton. 2. The Eye of the Outside: Jean-Clet Martin. 3. Deleuze's Theory of Sensation: Overcoming the Kantian Dulaity: Daniel W Smith. 4. Idea and Destination: Jean-Michel Salanskis. 5. Deleuze-Bergson: an Ontology of the Virtual: Constantin V Boundas. 6.The Deleuzian Fold of Thought: Jean-Luc Nancy 7. Who's Afraid of Hegelian wolves?: Catherine Malabou. 8.The Encounter with Spinoza: Pierre Macherey. 9. Through a Spinozist Lens: Ethology, Difference, Power: Moira Gatens. 10. Six Notes on the Percept (On the Relation between the Critical and the Clinical): Francois Zourabichvili. 11. The Autonomy of Affect: Brian Massumi. 12. Schizoanalysis and Baudelaire: Some Illustrations of Decoding at Work: Eugene W Holland. 13. Gilles Deleuze: The Aesthetics of Force: Ronald Bogue. 14. Bibliography of the Works of Gilles Deleuze: Timothy S Murphy. Index.

Deleuze: A Critical Reader

The sense in which Foucault’s work functions as criticism has long been a source of puzzlement to his readers and the concept of power a focal point for their concern. His apparently neutral accounts of techniques of power lead to complaints that he is normatively confused or that he deprives himself of any basis for criticism of the social phenomena he describes.’ For most critics, power is an irreducibly evaluative notion and moreover one which is negatively valued. Since it sets limits to the free activity and self-expression of the individual, power is that which must be opposed. This humanist consensus is neatly summed up in David Hoy’s remark that ‘the antithesis to power is usually thought to be freedom’. * The argument of this paper is that Foucault uses concepts of both power and freedom which do not conform to this view: his descriptive analyses are based upon a concept of power which is neither evaluative nor antithetical to freedom. To show this, I take as a basis for comparative discussion Charles Taylor’s article, ‘Foucault on freedom and t r ~ t h ’ . ~ This provides a useful point of comparison because Taylor is such a strong exponent of the humanist ‘approach which Foucault eschews. He also goes further than most critics in turning the differences between Foucault’s approach and his own into criticisms, charging him with an incoherent theory of power. Others have argued that Taylor’s criticisms do not always fully address Foucault’s po~i t ion.~ In what follows, I try to advance this argument by bringing to the surface some of the underlying differences in their respective concepts of power, freedom and subjectivity. My aim in doing so is not only to refute the charge of incoherence but also to restore

Paul Patton

Papers

Difference and Repetition

Deleuze and the political

Political Theory and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

Deleuze: A Critical Reader

Taylor and Foucault on Power and Freedom