Researchers in the field of virtual environments VE, or virtual reality, surround a participant with synthetic stimuli, The flight simulator community, primarily in the U.S. military, has a great deal of experience with aircraft simulations, and VE researchers should be aware of the major results in this field. In this survey of the literature, we have especially focused on military literature that may be hard for traditional academics to locate via the standard journals. One of the authors of this paper is a military helicopter pilot himself, which was quite useful in obtaining access to many of our references. We concentrate on research that produces specific, measured results that apply to VE research. We assume no background other than basic knowledge of computer graphics, and explain simulator terms and concepts as necessary. This paper ends with an annotated bibliography of some harder to find research results in the field of flight simulators:


â¢ The effects of display parameters, including field-of-view and scene complexity;
â¢ The effect of lag in system response;
â¢ The effect of refresh rate in graphics update;
â¢ The existing theories on causes of simulator sickness; and
â¢ The after-effects of simulator use



Many of the results we cite are contradictory. Our global observation is that with flight simulator research, like most human-computer interaction research, there are very few “correct” answers. Almost always, the answer to a specific question depends on the task the user was attempting to perform with the simulator.

A literature survey for virtual environments: Military flight simulator visual systems and simulator sickness

: This research report identifies U.S. Army aviation system and subsystem acquisitions projected for the time period of 1985 to 2000 which will require behavioral research to support development of new aircrew training methods and equipment. The report describes the conduct and results of three tasks; (a) a survey to identify future Army aviation related systems and subsystems; (b) the identification of systems with unique training needs; and (c) the determination of training requirements and the forecasting of behavioral research requirements for the systems with unique training needs. This research is intended to assist the Army behavioral research requirements for future Army aviation aircrew training before the new aviation systems and subsystems are introduced. The lead time provided by the early initiation of behavioral research programs should aid the development of effective training systems. Requirements for the behavioral research needed to support Army aviation training programs in the time frame 1985 to 2000 are described in this report of U.S. Army aviation training R&D needs. The appendix (published as ARI Research Note 82-29) presents the survey results in questionnaire format, as they were originally obtained, together with information on scoring model weighting, and a complete listing of the bibliographical references.

A Forecast of Army Aviation Training Research and Development Requirements for the Period 1985 to 2000. Volume 1

Researchers in the field of virtual environments (VE), or virtual reality, surround a participant with synthetic stimuli, The flight simulator community, primarily in the U.S. military, has a great deal of experience with aircraft simulations, and VE researchers should be aware of the major results in this field. In this survey of the literature, we have especially focused on military literature that may be hard for traditional academics to locate via the standard journals. One of the authors of this paper is a military helicopter pilot himself, which was quite useful in obtaining access to many of our references. We concentrate on research that produces specific, measured results that apply to VE research. We assume no background other than basic knowledge of computer graphics, and explain simulator terms and concepts as necessary. This paper ends with an annotated bibliography of some harder to find research results in the field of flight simulators: • The effects of display parameters, including field-of-view and scene complexity; • The effect of lag in system response; • The effect of refresh rate in graphics update; • The existing theories on causes of simulator sickness; and • The after-effects of simulator use Many of the results we cite are contradictory. Our global observation is that with flight simulator research, like most human-computer interaction research, there are very few correct answers. Almost always, the answer to a specific question depends on the task the user was attempting to perform with the simulator.

A Literature Survey for Virtual Environments: Military Flight

This chapter presents a conceptual discussion on the roles of immersive technology relating to its past, present, and future. The underlying theories and assumptions pertinent to each stage of immersive technology are discussed by emphasizing the influences on pedagogical practices and assessment. An important focus of the chapter is to look at the function of present immersive technology in learning from the perspective of a technology taxonomy. Discussions on future immersive technologies are made by making a connection between immersive technology and other new technologies like artificial intelligence. The chapter concludes with suggestions for future research in immersive technology.

Immersive Technology: Past, Present, and Future in Education

https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8344&context=rtd

Simulation and advance organizers applied to administrator education: a laboratory experiment

: The paper outlines some major areas of use of simulation in Army Aviation and comments on current research. Equipment development, crew performance studies, concept development and training are discussed. Only in the training area has the Army made substantial progress. A broad program of simulation research with emphasis on engineering and behavior is suggested toward the goal of improving aircrew performance. There are significant simulation research problems unique to the Army which need to be worked out. (Author)

/pdf/simulation-and-aircrew-training-and-performance-2yr6748ism.pdf

Paul W. Caro

Papers

Simulation and Aircrew Training and Performance.