Small amounts of a promoter comprising palladium and ruthenium enhance the combustion of carbon monoxide within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without simultaneously causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The palladium-ruthenium promoter also enhances the capture of sulfur oxides by suitable absorbents within the regeneration zone of a catalytic cracking unit without causing the formation of excessive amounts of nitrogen oxides. The ratio by weight on an elemental metal basis of palladium to ruthenium is from about 0.1 to about 10.

Catalytic cracking with reduced emission of noxious gases

The prodn. of cycloolefin polymers (COC) comprises the polymerisation of (a) 0.1-100 wt.% monomer(s) of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV), (b) 0-99.9 wt.% cycloolefin of formula (V) and (c) acyclic 1-olefin(s) of formula (VI), at -78 to +150 degrees C and 0.5-64 bar in soln., suspension, monomer melt or gas phase, in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a metallocene component of formula (IX) and linear and/or cyclic aluminoxane(s) of formula (VII) and/or (VIII). R -R = H or 1-8 C alkyl; n = 2-10; R = 1-6 C alkyl, Ph or benzyl; m = 2-50; M = Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb or Ta; R , R = H, halo, 1-10 C alkyl or alkoxy, 2-10 C alkenyl, 6-10 C aryl or aryloxy, 7-40 C aralkyl or alkaryl, or 8-40 C aralkenyl; R , R = mono- or poly-nuclear hydrocarbon residue which can form a sandwich structure with M ; R = -X-, -X-M R R -, -X-C(R )2-, -CR R -, -O-X-, -CR R -CR R - or -BR -; X = -M R R -; M = Si, Ge or Sn; R -R = H, halo, 1-10 C alkyl, fluoroalkyl or alkoxy, 6-10 C aryl or fluoroalkyl, 2-10 C alkenyl, 7-40 C aralkyl or alkaryl, or 8-40 C aralkenyl; or R +R or R +R or R +R may form a ring with their linking atom. Also claimed are COC polymers obtd. by this process, esp. with a content of more than 40 mole% norbornene units. Also claimed are extruded parts, injection moulded prods. and polymer alloys contg. the above COC polymer(s).

Process for preparing cycloolefin polymers

Hydrocarbon polymers such as ethylene copolymers may be reacted with unsaturated nitrogen-containing monomers or unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of a free radical catalyst such as a peroxide or azo free radical initiator and a chain stopping agent, e.g. a mercaptan to inhibit excessive cross-linking and branching. The copolymer grafted directly with the nitrogen-containing monomers may be utilized as an additive for oil and fuel compositions, particularly lubricating oil compositions as a V.I.-dispersant additive. The polymer reacted with carboxylic acid may be further reacted with amines, polyols, amino-alcohols, etc. to also form a V.I.-dispersant additive.

Viscosity index improver - dispersant additive useful in oil compositions

An exhaust gas cleaning device for a motor vehicle is constructed of a honeycomb core body formed by superposing a planar band made of a metal sheet and a corrugated band made from another metal sheet one over the other in a contiguous relationship and then rolling the thus-superposed bands into a multi-layered spiral form with at least one outermost layer thereof being formed of the planar band The honeycomb core body defines a number of network-patterned axial gas flow passages and is adapted to carry an exhaust gas cleaning catalyst At least one fin is fixed on an outer peripheral wall of the honeycomb core body

Exhaust gas cleaning device

A quench zone mixing apparatus that occupies a low vertical height and has an improved mixing efficiency and fluid distribution across the catalyst surface includes a swirl chamber, a rough distribution network, and a distribution apparatus. In the swirl chamber, reactant fluid from a catalyst bed above is thoroughly mixed with a quench fluid by a swirling action. The mixed fluids exit the swirl chamber through an aperture to the rough distribution system where the fluids are radially distributed outward across the vessel to the distribution apparatus. The distribution apparatus includes a plate with a number of bubble caps and associated drip trays that multiply the liquid drip stream from the bubble caps to further symmetrically distribute the fluids across the catalyst surface. Alternatively, deflector baffles may be associated with the bubble caps to provide a wider and more uniform liquid distribution below the plate. The distribution apparatus can be used in the reaction vessel without the swirl chamber and rough distribution system, e.g., at the top of a vessel.

Reactor distribution apparatus and quench zone mixing apparatus

Catalyst and hydrocarbon vapors are separated in a cyclone attached to the discharge of a riser cracking operation. The cyclone is modified to include a separate cyclonic stripping of catalyst separated from hydrocarbon vapors.

Method and means for separating gasiform materials from finely divided catalyst particles

Method and means for treating mixed phase vapor and liquid reactants under exothermic reaction conditions and temperature control

A catalytic converter for use in a gaseous stream comprises cylindrical segments of monolithic ceramic impregnated with catalytically active materials, such as hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide conversion catalysts, axially spaced apart by greater than 1/4 inch within a cylindrical metal container, said container having a gas inlet upstream from said spaced apart segments and a gas outlet downstream therefrom and a plurality of spaced apart protruding fins attached to the outer circumference thereof.

Catalytic converter for removing noxious components from a gaseous stream

Efficient utilization of hydrogen and catalyst compositions is achieved in a petroleum refinery operation by a specific combination of unit operations which tend to optimization of premium products. A significant feature of this combination is catalytic hydrogenation of a fraction boiling above the gasoline range up to 1,100 DEG F. followed by cutting or separating the hydrogenated product to form a high boiling fraction boiling above about 700 DEG F. as charge to a crystalline aluminosilicate catalytic cracking operation with the low boiling fraction thereof boiling below about 700 DEG F. being charge to catalytic hydrocracking.

Upgrading of crude oil by combination processing

An HF alkylation unit with improved safety features including an acid storage and evacuation receiver which maintains a large proportion of the acid inventory of the unit at a remote, safe location. The unit also has an acid evacuation system which is capable of transferring the acid from the reactor section of the unit to the receiver within a very short period of time in the event of an uncontrolled release from the unit. The acid receiving drum is connected to the remainder of the unit by means of acid transfer lines for rapidly evacuating the acid and is desirably maintained at a pressure lower than the reactor section of the unit to enable the acid to be pressured into the receiver. The pressure in the receiver is suitably maintained by a pressure balancing line to the fractionation system at a lower pressure than the alkylation reaction itself. Unit acid inventory may be reduced by the use of an acid settler provided with an acid boot and coalescing baffles which promote a phase separation.

Paul W. Snyder

Papers

Method and means for separating gasiform materials from finely divided catalyst particles

Method and means for treating mixed phase vapor and liquid reactants under exothermic reaction conditions and temperature control

Catalytic converter for removing noxious components from a gaseous stream

Upgrading of crude oil by combination processing

HF alkylation unit with acid evacuation system