https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/downloads/9p290c48k

ACC/AHA Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1991 Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery)

Effect of coronary artery bypass graft surgery on survival: overview of 10-year results from randomised trials by the Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Trialists Collaboration.

ACC/AHA 2004 guideline update for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Summary article. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (committee to update the 1999 guidelines for coronary artery bypass graft surgery)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria and the lack of new antibiotics to combat them have led to the revival of polymyxins, an old class of cationic, cyclic polypeptide antibiotics. Polymyxin B and polymyxin E (colistin) are the 2 polymyxins used in clinical practice. Most of the reintroduction of polymyxins during the last few years is related to colistin. The polymyxins are active against selected gram-negative bacteria, including Acinetobacter species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species. These drugs have been used extensively worldwide for decades for local use. However, parenteral use of these drugs was abandoned approximately 20 years ago in most countries, except for treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis, because of reports of common and serious nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. Recent studies of patients who received intravenous polymyxins for the treatment of serious P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii infections of various types, including pneumonia, bacteremia, and urinary tract infections, have led to the conclusion that these antibiotics have acceptable effectiveness and considerably less toxicity than was reported in old studies.

Colistin: The Revival of Polymyxins for the Management of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections

Dangerous, antibiotic resistant bacteria have been observed with increasing frequency over the past several decades. In this review the factors that have been linked to this phenomenon are addressed. Profiles of bacterial species that are deemed to be particularly concerning at the present time are illustrated. Factors including economic impact, intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, morbidity and mortality rates, and means of infection are taken into account. Synchronously with the waxing of bacterial resistance there has been waning antibiotic development. The approaches that scientists are employing in the pursuit of new antibacterial agents are briefly described. The standings of established antibiotic classes as well as potentially emerging classes are assessed with an emphasis on molecules that have been clinically approved or are in advanced stages of development. Historical perspectives, mechanisms of action and resistance, spectrum of activity, and preeminent members of each class are discussed.

Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century

Adverse effects of sodium colistimethate. Manifestations and specific reaction rates during 317 courses of therapy.

To evaluate the effects of coronary-artery bypass, 100 patients with stable, disabling angina were randomized to medical (49) or surgical (51) therapy. There was no statistical difference in major cardiac events after three years (death in five medical vs. four surgical, infarction in eight vs. 10, and unstable angina requiring operation or reoperation in eight vs. three cases). Surgical patients with three-vessel disease had fewer major events (P<0.05) than the comparable medical group and less unstable angina requiring operation (P<0.02). All unstable angina was less frequent in the surgical group (15 vs. six, P<0.01). Functional classification improved more in surgical patients at six months (P<0.01) and at late follow-up examination (P<0.05). After six months, surgical patients achieved significantly higher exercise work loads (P<0.01), exercise heart rates (P<0.05), maximum paced heart rates (P<0.01) and myocardial lactate extraction (P<0.01). On the basis of this interim report of a relativ...

Coronary bypass for stable angina: a prospective randomized study.

Hospitalized patients were monitored during 2,118 courses of therapy with sulfisoxazole, sulfamethoxazole, or nitrofurantoin Overall frequency of adverse reactions severe enough to require discontinuation of the responsible drug was 31% for sulfisoxazole, 33% for sulfamethoxazole, and 92% for nitrofurantoin Reaction rates were highly dependent on the duration of therapy Toxic reactions were far more common to nitrofurantoin (51%) than to the sulfonamides (03%) They consisted mainly of gastrointestinal disturbances, were more common in women, and their frequency increased sharply with daily dose per patient weight Sulfisoxazole was associated with allergic reactions in 28% of patients, sulfamethoxazole in 30%, and nitrofurantoin in 41% Skin rashes, eosinophilia, and drug fever were the common manifestations Serious reactions to all three drugs were rare (014%) and renal toxicity or immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions were not observed

https://jamanetwork.com/HttpHandlers/ArticlePdfHandler.ashx?journal=INTEMED&articleId=578328&pdfFileName=archinte_128_3_006.pdf

Adverse Reactions to Sulfisoxazole, Sulfamethoxazole, and Nitrofurantoin: Manifestations and Specific Reaction Rates During 2,118 Courses of Therapy

KNOWLEDGE about adverse reactions to drug therapy has arisen largely from spontaneous reports by physicians who observed these events in their patients. Such communications have been directed to medical journals, drug manufacturers, hospital drug committees, medical associations and governmental supervisory agencies. In the United States both the American Medical Association1 , 2 and the Food and Drug Administration3 , 4 have in recent years requested reports of adverse drug reactions from physicians and hospitals. Reports from practicing physicians have been almost entirely responsible for calling attention to previously unappreciated adverse drug effects. Despite the increasing use of prospective monitored surveillance for adverse drug reactions . . .

Factors determining physician reporting of adverse drug reactions. Comparison of 2000 spontaneous reports with surveillance studies at the Massachusetts General Hospital.

Two hundred and eighty-eight hospitalized patients were monitored during and after 317 courses of sodium colistimethate therapy to determine incidence and manifestations of adverse reactio...

Paula Kanarek

Papers

Adverse effects of sodium colistimethate. Manifestations and specific reaction rates during 317 courses of therapy.

Coronary bypass for stable angina: a prospective randomized study.

Adverse Reactions to Sulfisoxazole, Sulfamethoxazole, and Nitrofurantoin: Manifestations and Specific Reaction Rates During 2,118 Courses of Therapy

Factors determining physician reporting of adverse drug reactions. Comparison of 2000 spontaneous reports with surveillance studies at the Massachusetts General Hospital.

Adverse Effects of Sodium Colistimethate