In this innovative book, a well-known feminist and sociologist-who is also the founding editor of Gender & Society-challenges our most basic assumptions about gender. Judith Lorber argues that gender is wholly a product of socialization, subject to human agency, organization, and interpretation, and that it is a social institution comparable to the economy, the family, and religion in its significance and consequences. Calling into question the inevitability and necessity of gender, she envisions a society structured for equality, where no gender, racial ethnic, or social class group is allowed to monopolize positions of power.

Paradoxes of gender

In this essay we sketch core elements of feminist thought and demonstrate their relevance for criminology. After reviewing the early feminist critiques of the discipline and the empirical emphases of the 1970s and early 1980s, we appraise current issues and debates in three areas: building theories of gender and crime, controlling men's violence toward women, and gender equality in the criminal justice system. We invite our colleagues to reflect on the androcentrism of the discipline and to appreciate the promise of feminist inquiry for rethinking problems of crime and justice.

Feminism and criminology

(2004). The Color of Supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 137-152.

The Color of Supremacy: Beyond the discourse of ‘white privilege’

Gwaltney, John Langston. 1980. Drylongso: A Selfportrait of black America. New York: Vintage.Harding, Sandra. 1986. The science question in feminism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Jordan, June. 1985. On call: Political essays. Boston:
South End Press.

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Theorizing Difference from Multiracial Feminism

In 1999, only 20 studies in the public health literature employed instruments to measure self-reported experiences of discrimination. Fifteen years later, the number of empirical investigations on discrimination and health easily exceeds 500, with these studies increasingly global in scope and focused on major types of discrimination variously involving race/ethnicity, indigenous status, immigrant status, gender, sexuality, disability, and age, separately and in combination. And yet, as I also document, even as the number of investigations has dramatically expanded, the scope remains narrow: studies remain focused primarily on interpersonal discrimination, and scant research investigates the health impacts of structural discrimination, a gap consonant with the limited epidemiologic research on political systems and population health. Accordingly, to help advance the state of the field, this updated review article: (a) briefly reviews definitions of discrimination, illustrated with examples from the United States; (b) discusses theoretical insights useful for conceptualizing how discrimination can become embodied and produce health inequities, including via distortion of scientific knowledge; (c) concisely summarizes extant evidence--both robust and inconsistent--linking discrimination and health; and (d) addresses several key methodological controversies and challenges, including the need for careful attention to domains, pathways, level, and spatiotemporal scale, in historical context.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2190/HS.44.4.b

Discrimination and health inequities.

Race, Class, and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study

white privilege essential readings pdf White privilege (or white skin privilege) is the societal privilege that benefits people whom society identifies as white in some countries, beyond what is commonly experienced by non-white people under the same social, political, or economic circumstances. Academic perspectives such as critical race theory and whiteness studies use the concept to analyze how racism and racialized societies ...

White Privilege: Essential Readings on the Other Side of Racism

Race, Class, and Gender in the United States

PART ONE: CONTINUING PROBLEMS Introduction Ruth Sidel, Mixed Messages Julius Lester, Being a Boy William H. Becker, Feminism's Personal Questions--for Men Pat Mainardi, The Politics of Housework Mary Kay Blakely, Calling All Working Fathers Barbara Ehrenreich, The Politics of Talking in Couples: Conversus Interruptus and Other Disorders Melinda Beck et al., Trading Places Shirley Hill Witt, Native American Women Today Yla Eason, When the Boss Wants Sex Abortion Proclamation Randy Albelda, Aborting Choice Bo Keppel, The Impact of Sexism Racism and Classism on HIV-Infected Women Suzanne Pharr, Hate Violence against Women. Lori Heise, The Global War against Women Jon Steinberg, Hungry at Debt's Door PART TWO: WHY THEORY Introduction Jane Flax, Women Do Theory Bettina Aptheker, Tapestries of Life Patricia Hill Collins, Toward an Afrocentric Feminist Epistemology Marilyn Frye, The Possibility of Feminist Theory PART THREE: THEORIES OF WOMEN'S SUBORDINATION Introduction Women's Subordination Through the Lens of Sex: Conservatism Sigmund Freud, Femininity Edward O. Wilson, Sex. Ruth Hubbard, The Political Nature of "Human Nature" Women's Subordination Through the Lens of Gender: Liberalism John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women National Organization for Women (NOW) Bill of Rights Women's Subordination Through the Lens of Class: Classical Marxism Friedrich Engels, Origin of the Family, Private Property, and the State Evelyn Reed, Women: Caste, Class, or Oppressed Sex Women's Subordination Through the Lens of Sex and Gender and Sexuality: Radical Feminism Charlotte Bunch, Lesbians in Revolt Monique Wittig, One Is Not Born A Woman Catherine MacKinnon, Sex Equality: Difference and Dominance Women's Subordination Through the Lens of Gender and Class: Socialist Feminism Charlotte Perkins Gilman Chapter of the New American Movement, A View of Socialist Feminism Juliet Mitchell, Woman's Estate Heidi I. Hartmann, The Unhappy Marriage of Marxism and Feminism: Towards a More Progressive Union Women's Subordination Through the Lens of Race, Gender, Class and Sexuality: Multicultural Feminism Cherrie Moraga, From a Long Line of Vendidas: Chicanas and Feminism Esther Ngan-Ling Chow, The Feminist Movement: Where Are All the Asian American Women Deborah King, Multiple Jeopardy: The Context of a Black Feminist Ideology Gerda Lerner, Reconceptualizing Differences Among Women Women's Subordination World-Wide: Global Feminism Charlotte Bunch, Prospects for Global Feminism Ximena Bunster-Bunalto, Surviving Beyond Fear: Women and Torture in Latin America Cynthia Enlow, Bananas, Bases, and Patriarchy Andree Nicola McLaughlin, Black Women, Identity, and the Quest for Humanhood and Wholeness: Wild Women in the Whirlwind PART FOUR: PRACTICE: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES THROUGH THE LENSES Introduction Staying Alive Women Count--Count Women's Work Diana M. Pearce, The Feminization of Poverty: Update Margaret B. Wilkerson and Jewell Handy Gresham, The Racialization of Poverty Cynthia R. Daniels, "There's No Place Like Home. Suzanne Pharr, Homophobia: A Weapon of Sexism Katherine Spiller, The Feminist Majority Report: Corporate Women and the Mommy Track Katherine S. Newman, Middle-Class Women in Trouble. Billie Wright Dziech & Linda Weiner, The Lecherous Professor Arlie Russell Hochschild, The Managed Heart Judith Rollins, Deference and Maternalism. Karen J. Hossfeld, "Their Logic Against Them" Contradictions in Sex, Race, and Class in Silicon Valley Barbara Ehrenreich and Annette Fuentes, Life on the Global Assembly Line Family Alix Kates Shulman, A Marriage Contract Rose M. Brewer, Black Women in Poverty: Some Comments on Female-Headed Families Philip S. Gutis, Family Redefines Itself, and Now the Law Follows Jeffner Allen, Motherhood: The Annihilation of Women Katha Pollit, The Strange Case of Baby M Judith Lewis Herman, Incestuous Fathers and their Families Nancy Chodorow, Gender, Personality and the Sexual Sociology of Adult Life Betsy Hartmann, A Womb of One's Own. John Krich, Here Come the Brides Mina Davis Caulfield, Imperialism, the Family and Cultures of Resistance Sexuality Shulamith Firestone, The Culture of Romance Sandra Lee Bartky, The Feminine Body Lillian B. Rubin, The Sexual Dilemma Angela Davis, Rape, Racism and the Myth of the Black Rapist Andrea Dworkin, Letter from a War Zone Alice Walker, A Letter of the Times, or Should This Sado-masochism Be Saved Myrna Kostash, Second Thoughts Adrienne Rich, Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence Marilyn Frye, Virgin Women Ann Ferguson, A Transitional Feminist Sexual Morality Charlotte Bunch, Strategies for Organizing Against Female Sexual Slavery

Feminist Frameworks: Alternative Theoretical Accounts of the Relations Between Women and Men

Life began for Paula Rothenberg in a privileged home in New York City, but it took her to the battlefields of the culture wars on behalf of the underprivileged. Now this veteran of that cultural clash examines the subtle and complex ways in which issues of race, class, and gender impact people's lives. A prominent figure in the creation of women's studies and multicultural studies as academic disciplines, Rothenberg is perhaps best known for her textbook "Race, Class and Gender in the United States," which was widely attacked by conservatives defending traditional curricula. Now she shows how higher education upholds race, class, and gender bias and, more generally, analyzes the ways in which many white people's unwavering belief in their own good intentions leaves them blind to their societal privilege and their role in perpetuating class difference. In this candid look at social and academic realities, Rothenberg shares incidents from her own life and the lives of family and friends to show how privilege is constructed and to reveal the forces that make us unaware of it. Through recollections of her childhood in an upper middle class Jewish family and her college years in the early sixties, she tells how she discovered that the world one takes for granted as "everyday life" is in fact riddled with privilege of which we are unaware. Reviewing the social upheaval of the seventies that challenged fundamental assumptions about gender roles, race relations, and even the nature of the family, Rothenberg tells how she gained a new understanding of what it meant to be an educator and activist. In sharing events surrounding the publication of Race, Class and Gender, she offers an inside look at the culture wars and brings her story into the '90s with a cogent discussion of hate speech and the "political correctness" controversy. Rothenberg recalls the early mobilization against sexual harassment and recounts what it was like to create one of the first feminist philosophy courses. She also offers a hard-hitting critique of current teaching practices and a response to critics of multiculturalism and feminism-as well as a look at how de facto segregation continues in American education in the form of tracking. Both deeply personal and broadly social, this finely crafted memoir will capture the interest of anyone who cares about the future of education, race relations, feminism, and social justice.

Paula S. Rothenberg

Papers

Race, Class, and Gender in the United States: An Integrated Study

White Privilege: Essential Readings on the Other Side of Racism

Race, Class, and Gender in the United States

Feminist Frameworks: Alternative Theoretical Accounts of the Relations Between Women and Men

Invisible Privilege: A Memoir About Race, Class, and Gender