Drug addiction is a pathological state; the disorder involves the progression of acute drug use to the development of drug seeking behavior. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edition, categorized three stages of drug addictions preoccupation, anticipation, binge intoxication and withdrawal or negative effect. These stages are characterized respectively by constant craving and preoccupation with obtaining the substance, using more of the substance and experience the necessary intoxicating effects and experiencing tolerance withdrawal symptoms and decrease motivation of normal life activities.

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders 4th Edition

Trajectories of resilience and dysfunction following potential trauma: A review and statistical evaluation.

https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_C4005A84230C.P001/REF.pdf

Maternal posttraumatic stress disorder during the perinatal period and child outcomes: A systematic review.

Os resultados sugerem que as experiencias subjetivas de parto das mulheres sao o fator mais importante no desenvolvimento de sintomas de estresse pos-traumatico apos o parto.

The impact of subjective birth experiences on post-traumatic stress symptoms: a longitudinal study. Archives of women's mental health, 16(1), 1-10.

Background: Posttraumatic stress related with the childbirth experience of full-term delivery with health outcomes has been recently documented in a growing body of studies. The magnitude of this condition and the factors that might put a woman at risk for developing childbirth-related postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (PP-PTSD) symptoms are not fully understood. Methods: In this systematic review of 36 articles representing quantitative studies of primarily community samples, we set to examine PP-PTSD prevalence rates and associated predictors with a focus on the role of prior PTSD and time since childbirth. Results: A significant minority of women endorsed PP-PTSD following successful birth. Acute PP-PTSD rates were between 4.6 and 6.3%, and endorsement of clinically significant PP-PTSD symptoms was identified in up to 16.8% of women in community samples of high quality studies. Negative subjective experience of childbirth emerged as the most important predictor. Endorsement of PTSD before childbirth contributed to PP-PTSD; nevertheless, women without PTSD also exhibited PP-PTSD, with acute rates at 4.6%, signifying a new PTSD onset in the postpartum period. Conclusion: Although the majority of women cope well, childbirth for some can be perceived as a highly stressful experience and even result in the development of PP-PTSD symptoms. More research is needed to understand postpartum adaption and childbirth-related posttraumatic stress outcomes.

/pdf/childbirth-induced-posttraumatic-stress-syndrome-a-27g4x6gyb7.pdf

Childbirth Induced Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Prevalence and Risk Factors

The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study.

Risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Turkey

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) face work-related psychosocial risks. The ongoing pandemic is causing widespread concern&nbsp;in&nbsp;a variety of&nbsp;ways, including COVID-19 fear and anxiety. Objective: We aimed to evaluate mental health, quality of life, COVID-19 fear and related factors in Turkish HCWs practicing in pandemic hospitals. Methods: The data were collected in 13 provinces between 27 September and 11 November 2021 by researchers from the Early Career Task Force of the Turkish Thoracic Society. The study survey included sociodemographic, health- and work-related characteristics, the General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) evaluating mental health, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S). Results: Of 1,556 participants, 522 (33.5%) reported a need for mental health support (MHS) in the previous year. The FCV-19S weakly correlated with the GHQ-12 (r=0.234, p&lt;0.001) and WHOQoL-BREF domains (r=-0.245 for physical health, r=-0.182 for psychological health, r=-0.141 for social relationships and r=-0.183 for environmental health domains; p&lt;0.001). The need for MHS was the common significant variable for all scale scores in univariate analyses and multiple linear regression. After multiple linear regression, the FCV-19S score was significantly related to the GHQ-12 and all WHOQoL-BREF domain scores. Conclusions: Our results indicate a remarkable level of need for MHS. The need for MHS and COVID-19 fear are related to mental health and quality of life in Turkish HCWs. The self-reported need for MHS may serve as an alarming characteristic for HCWs’ psychosocial burden.

Pelin Dikmen Yildiz

Papers

The prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder in pregnancy and after birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The effects of antenatal education on fear of childbirth, maternal self-efficacy and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms following childbirth: an experimental study.

Risk factors associated with post-traumatic stress symptoms following childbirth in Turkey

Mental health, quality of life, and COVID-19 fear in Turkish healthcare workers practicing in pandemic hospitals