Background Meta-analysis is useful for combining the results of different studies statistically to confirm genuine associations in genetics. Based on earlier reports, we aimed to investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) genetic variants identified in a previous meta-analysis in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in an Indian woman. Material and methods In this study, 137 pregnant women with GDM and 150 pregnant women were selected on the basis of their serum glucose levels. The six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of different genes studied had known involvement in pancreatic β-cell function, particular pathways linked to T2DM, and other biological functions. Genomic DNA was isolated from the 287 women for polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses. Results The rs7903146, rs13266634, rs2283228, rs5210 and rs179881 SNPs were found to be positively associated with GDM when calculated for genotype and allele frequencies (p  Conclusion The SNPs studied in this GDM had the same role as those identified in a previous T2DM meta-analysis, and showed positive association in the Indian women. Meta-analyses should be implemented to assess the IGF2 gene in GDM subjects.

Genetic confirmation of T2DM meta-analysis variants studied in gestational diabetes mellitus in an Indian population

Objective: To summarize the current knowledge on epigenetic alterations in mother and offspring subjected to gestational diabetes (GDM) and indicate future topics for research. Design: Systematic review. Methods: We performed extensive searches in PubMed, EMBASE and Google scholar, using a combination of the search terms: GDM, gestational diabetes, epigenetic(s), methylation, histone modification, histone methylation, histone acetylation, microRNA and miRNA. Studies that compared women diagnosed with GDM and healthy controls were included. Two authors independently scanned the abstracts, and all included papers were read by at least two authors. The searches were completed on October 31st, 2016. Results: We identified 236 articles, of which 43 were considered relevant for this systematic review. Studies published showed that epigenetic alterations could be found in both mothers with GDM and their offspring. However, differences in methodology, diagnostic criteria for GDM and populations studied, together with a limited number of published studies and small sample sizes, preclude clear conclusions about the role of epigenetic modifications in transmitting risk from GDM mothers to their offspring. Conclusion: The current research literature suggests that GDM may have impact on epigenetic modifications in the mother and offspring. However, larger studies that include multiple cohorts of GDM patients and their offspring are needed. (Less)

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MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Epigenetic modifications and gestational diabetes: a systematic review of published literature

http://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163445322007058/pdf

Changes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children before and after the COVID - 19 pandemic, Henan, China

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolically complex disease with major genetic determinants. GDM has been associated with insulin resistance and dysfunction of pancreatic beta cells, so the GDM candidate genes are those that encode proteins modulating the function and secretion of insulin, such as that for calpain 10 (CAPN10). This study aimed to assess whether single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-43, SNP-44, SNP-63, and the indel-19 variant, and specific haplotypes of the CAPN10 gene were associated with gestational diabetes mellitus. We studied 116 patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and 83 women with normal glucose tolerance. Measurements of anthropometric and biochemical parameters were performed. SNP-43, SNP-44, and SNP-63 were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphisms, while the indel-19 variant was detected by TaqMan qPCR assays.  The allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of the four variants did not differ significantly between women with gestational diabetes mellitus and controls. However, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus, glucose levels were significantly higher bearing the 3R/3R genotype than in carriers of the 3R/2R genotype of the indel-19 variant (p = 0.006). In conclusion, the 3R/3R genotype of the indel-19 variant of the CAPN-10 gene influenced increased glucose levels in these Mexican women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Association analysis of calpain 10 gene variants/haplotypes with gestational diabetes mellitus among Mexican women.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a type of pregnancy-specific glucose
 intolerance or hyperglycemia, is one of the most common metabolic disorders in
 pregnant women with 16.9% of the global prevalence of gestational
 hyperglycemia. Not only are women with GDM likely to develop T2DM, but their
 children are also at risk for birth complications or metabolic disease in
 adulthood. Therefore, identifying the potential risk factors for GDM is very
 important in the prevention and treatment of GDM. Previous studies have shown
 that genetic predisposition is an essential component in the occurrence of GDM.
 In this narrative review, we describe the role of polymorphisms in different
 functional genes associated with increased risk for GDM, and available evidence
 on genetic factors in the risk of GDM is summarized and discussed.

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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: The Genetic Susceptibility Behind the Disease.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9686097

Changes of Escherichia coli infection in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Zhengzhou, China

The purpose of the meta-analysis is to evaluate the association between calpain-10 (CANP10) gene polymorphisms and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A computer-based retrieval was performed in Web of Science, Embase and PubMed databases for eligible studies. The genotype data from four variants in CANP10 [single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) 19, 43, 44, and 63] were collected. The pooled Odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were conducted for five genetic models. Five studies containing 1003 GDMs and 1788 controls are included in this meta-analysis. The overall combined odds ratios show that SNP 19 and SNP 43 are not associated with increased risk of GDM in all genetic models. The association between SNP 63 and GDM is only significant in the heterozygous model (OR 2.79, 95 % CI 1.15–6.74). The SNP 44 is associated with increased risk of GDM in the recessive model (OR 1.75, 95 % CI 1.07–2.85), but only two studies are included. This meta-analysis indicates that women carriage of TT genotype in SNP 63 (rs5030952) is associated with increased risk in GDM.

Meta-analysis of the association between four CAPN10 gene variants and gestational diabetes mellitus

Case presentation We report the case of a girl aged 2 years and 10 months who had fever for 2 days, vomiting, poor mental status for 1 day, and one episode of convulsions. Symptoms and signs The patient experienced a rapid onset of symptoms with fever, vomiting, and convulsions. Upon physical examination on admission, she presented with the following: temperature 38.6°C; pulse 185 beats/min; respiration 49 beats/min; blood pressure 89/51 mmHg; drowsiness; piebald skin all over her body; rice-grain-sized pustular rashes scattered on the front chest and both lower limbs, protruding from the surface of the skin; bilateral pupils that were equal in size and a circle with a diameter of about 3.0 mm, and slow light reflex; cyanotic lips; shortness of breath; positive for the three-concave sign; a small amount of phlegm that could be heard in both lungs; capillary refill time of 5 s; cold extremities; and a positive Babinski sign. Diagnostic method A chest computed tomography scan showed multiple nodular and flake-like high-density shadows of varying sizes in each lobe in bilateral lungs, and a cavity with blurred edges could be seen in some nodules. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging examination demonstrated that the hyperintensity of diffusion-weighted imaging could be observed on the left cerebellar hemisphere and left parietal blade. Blood cultures, sputum, cerebrospinal fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by fiberoptic bronchoscopy all indicated the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Treatment methods After admission, the child was given meropenem combined with vancomycin, cefoperazone sulbactam combined with rifamycin, linezolid (oral) for anti-infection successively, and other adjuvant therapies. Clinical outcomes The patient recovered clinically and was discharged from our hospital. Recommended readers Neurology; Respiratory Medicine; Infectious Diseases Department.

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Necrotizing pneumonia and purulent meningitis caused by bloodstream infection of CA-MRSA in a child: A rare case report

In recent years, the prevalence of diabetes in China has significantly increased, and glibenclamide is widely used as a basic hypoglycemic drug in China's primary clinical practice. There are many left-behind children in the grass-roots areas in China and various dangerous incidents of children taking drugs by mistake continue to occur. This article reports a case of cerebral edema and fatal cerebral hernia caused by hypoglycemia induced by mistakenly ingesting glibenclamide in a child. This is the first reported case in China of a child who died from brain herniation caused by accidental administration of glibenclamide. This case reminded that clinicians must comprehensively consider the cause of convulsions and coma in children with unknown causes, ask the history in detail and cannot ignore the risk of hypoglycemic convulsions and coma. When hypoglycemic is detected, high concentration of glucose should be given promptly to normalize blood glucose. When dealing with unexplained convulsions and comatose children, clinical pediatricians must be alert to the possibility of accidental medication.

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Case report: Fatal cerebral herniation caused by hypoglycemic due to mistaking glibenclamide in children

OBJECTIVE To investigate the myocardial protective effect of L-carnitine in children with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackie A16 virus and possible mechanisms. METHODS A total of 60 HFMD children with abnormal myocardial enzyme after Coxsackie A16 virus infection were enrolled and randomly divided into L-carnitine group and fructose-1,6-diphosphate group (fructose group), with 30 children in each group. The two groups were given L-carnitine or fructose diphosphate in addition to antiviral and heat clearance treatment. Another 30 healthy children who underwent physical examination were enrolled as control group. The changes in myocardial zymogram, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and apoptosis factors sFas and sFasL after treatment were compared between groups. RESULTS There was no significant difference in treatment response between the L-carnitine group and the fructose group (P>0.05). One child in the fructose group progressed to critical HFMD, which was not observed in the L-carnitine group. Before treatment, the L-carnitine group and the fructose group had significantly higher indices of myocardial zymogram and levels of MDA, sFas, and sFasL and a significantly lower level of SOD than the control group (P 0.05). After treatment, the L-carnitine group and the fructose group had significant reductions in the indices of myocardial zymogram and levels of MDA, sFas, and sFasL and a significant increase in the level of SOD (P 0.05). SOD level was negatively correlated with aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), CK, and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) (r=-0.437, -0.364, -0.397, and -0.519 respectively; P<0.05), and MDA level was positively correlated with LDH and CK-MB (r=0.382 and 0.411 respectively; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS L-carnitine exerts a good myocardial protective effect in children with HFMD caused by Coxsackie A16 virus, possibly by clearing oxygen radicals and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Peng Li

Papers

Changes of Escherichia coli infection in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Zhengzhou, China

Meta-analysis of the association between four CAPN10 gene variants and gestational diabetes mellitus

Necrotizing pneumonia and purulent meningitis caused by bloodstream infection of CA-MRSA in a child: A rare case report

Case report: Fatal cerebral herniation caused by hypoglycemic due to mistaking glibenclamide in children

[Myocardial protective effect of L-carnitine in children with hand, foot and mouth disease caused by Coxsackie A16 virus]