http://biodiesel.persiangig.com/Cultivation/(3)Microalgae%20biofuels-%20A%20critical%20review%20of%20issues,%20problems%20and%20the%20way%20forward%20Review%20Article.pdf

Microalgae biofuels: A critical review of issues, problems and the way forward

Due to diminishing petroleum reserves and deleterious environmental consequences of exhaust gases from fossil-based fuels, research on renewable and environment friendly fuels has received a lot of impetus in the recent years. However, the availability of the non-edible crops serve as the sources for biofuel production are limited and economically not feasible. Algae are a promising alternative source to the conventional feedstocks for the third generation biofuel production. There has been a considerable discussion in the recent years about the potential of microalgae for the production of biofuels, but there may be other more readily exploitable commercial opportunities for macroalgae and microalgae. This review, briefly describes the biofuels conversion technologies for both macroalgae and microalgae. The gasification process produces combustible gases such as H2, CH4, CO2 and ammonia, whereas, the product of pyrolysis is bio-oil. The fermentation product of algae is ethanol, that can be used as a direct fuel or as a gasohol. Hydrogen can be obtained from the photobiological process of algal biomass. In transesterification process, algae oil is converted into biodiesel, which is quite similar to those of conventional diesel and it can be blended with the petroleum diesel. This study, also reviewed the production of high value byproducts from macroalgae and microalgae and their commercial applications. Algae as a potential renewable resource is not only used for biofuels but also for human health, animal and aquatic nutrition, environmental applications such as CO2 mitigation, wastewater treatment, biofertilizer, high-value compounds, synthesis of pigments and stable isotope biochemicals. This review is mainly an attempt, to investigate the biorefinery concept applied on the algal technology, for the synthesis of novel bioproducts to improve the algal biofuels as even more diversified and economically competitive. The employment of a high-value, co-product strategy through the integrated biorefinery approach is expected to significantly enhance the overall commercial implementation of the biofuel from the algal technology.

Macroalgae and microalgae as a potential source for commercial applications along with biofuels production: A biorefinery approach

Algae biofuels: versatility for the future of bioenergy.

Recent advances in liquid biofuel production from algal feedstocks

Biomass and lipid production of marine microalgae using municipal wastewater and high concentration of CO2

CO2 biofixation and fatty acid composition of Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to different CO2 levels.

Rice straw hydrolysate was used as lignocellulose-based carbon source for Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultivation and the feasibility of in situ biodiesel production was investigated. 13.7 g/L sugar was obtained by enzymatic hydrolyzation of rice straw. Chlorella pyrenoidosa showed a rapid growth in the rice straw hydrolysate medium, the maximum biomass concentration of 2.83 g/L was obtained in only 48 hours. The lipid content of the cells reached as high as 56.3%. In situ transesterification was performed for biodiesel production. The optimized condition was 1 g algal powder, 6 mL n-hexane, and 4 mL methanol with 0.5 M sulfuric acid at the temperature of 90°C in 2-hour reaction time, under which over 99% methyl ester content and about 95% biodiesel yield were obtained. The results suggested that the method has great potential in the production of biofuels with lignocellulose as an alternative carbon source for microalgae cultivation.

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In Situ Biodiesel Production from Fast-Growing and High Oil Content Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Rice Straw Hydrolysate

The invention discloses a methane preparation method. The method comprises a step of carrying out mixing fermentation of microalgae and anaerobic activated sludge under an anaerobic condition, and a step of collecting the generated methane gas. The method adopts the mixing fermentation of the microalgae and the anaerobic activated sludge, wherein microbes in the anaerobic activated sludge utilize proteins, sugars and lipid components in microalgal biomasses to carry out the metabolism of the anaerobic microbes, so inorganic elements comprising N, P and the like in the microalgal biomasses can be effectively recovered and repeatedly utilized, and simultaneously the generated methane gas can be used as clean energy. The method for producing methane through the anaerobic fermentation of the algal biomasses in the invention is an effective way for solving energy and environment problems.

Methane preparation method

The invention provides a biodiesel preparation method, wherein, the method comprises the following steps: 1) culturing oleaginous microalgae under heterotrophic condition, separating to obtain oleaginous microalgae; and 2) under the existence of a catalyst and liquid alkane, reacting the oleaginous microalgae obtained in the step 1) with monohydric alcohol and separating from the obtained product to obtain biodiesel According to the invention, under the existence of the catalyst and liquid alkane, oleaginous microalgae is reacted with monohydric alcohol, liquid alkane is capable of dissolving grease in oleaginous microalgae out, can effectively increase the effect strength of monohydric alcohol and grease in microalgae cells, so that grease in microalgae can be fully reacted with monohydric alcohol for raising the yield of biodiesel, the usage amount of monohydric alcohol can be reduced, the reaction time can be minimized, and the production efficiency of biodiesel can be simultaneously enhanced

Penglin Li

Papers

CO2 biofixation and fatty acid composition of Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella pyrenoidosa in response to different CO2 levels.

In Situ Biodiesel Production from Fast-Growing and High Oil Content Chlorella pyrenoidosa in Rice Straw Hydrolysate

Methane preparation method

Biodiesel preparation method